查询词典 Western Europe

Even in western Europe, there is talk of Belgium dividing in two, while a pro-independence party has taken power in Scotland.

在西欧，甚至有人在讨论比利时一分为二的问题。而在苏格兰，一个支持独立的政党上台了。

In Western Europe after the 15th century there was a period of active development for the absolutist states. From that time on, the power of the state experienced unprecedented growth and in the face of the completely strengthened state power, the individual could only feel a sense of helplessness.

十五世纪之后的西欧是绝对主义的国家发展的时期，从此开始，国家的权力得到了空前的发展，个人在这种全面强化的国家政权的面前表现出一种无力的感觉。

The significance of such relevance lies in that the literature and art has gone through two stages of development, or two types. One type of art is influenced by both the classical realistic art of the Western Europe and the socialist realism of the former Soviet Union. Though the historical and realistic themes covered by such type of art are revolutionary and highly consistent with the ideology of the ruling Communist Party of China, the artistic language and style are stamped with the academism features, which was represented in the fine arts seventeen years before the Cultural Revolution.

这种相关的重要性在于：在毛泽东时代，文学艺术经历了两个发展阶段，或者说两种类型，一种是受西欧的古典写实艺术和前苏联的社会主义现实主义影响的艺术，尽管这种艺术表达的历史和现实的题材是革命的，与执政后的中国共产党的意识形态高度一致，但在艺术语言和风格上，却具有较强的学院特征。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，"国家"代替"帝国"，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

After the Western Roman Empire was destroyed by the Germanic invasions of the fifth century,the Western Europe was in the state of selfsufficient natural economy until the tenth century.

公元 5世纪，日耳曼人灭亡了西罗马帝国，在西罗马帝国的废墟上建立起了自己的封建王国。

II, Western Europe, the Middle Ages is the period from the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 by the year of extinction by the middle of the 17th century, the continuation of a total of 1,200 years.

二、西欧中世纪时期是从公元476年西罗马帝国灭亡到公元17世纪中叶，共延续了1200年之久。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，&国家&代替&帝国&，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

Seventy-one percent are pessimistic about Eastern Europe, 67 percent about Western Europe, 62 percent about Japan and 55 percent about the U.S.

持悲观态度的对欧洲有71%，对西欧的有67%，对日本的有62%，对美国有55%。

The analysis focuses on the social context of witch-hunt including the living environment of Western Europe in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (geographical and climatic factors), social life (economic change the political turbulence) and the mentality of early modern Europe (cosmology, death and self-reflection). In the second part, the author discusses the formation of Demonology and its contents.

着重分析引发巫术迫害这种独特的社会现象的社会背景，包括：16、17世纪西欧社会的生活环境、社会生活和西欧近代早期人们的心态(宇宙观、死亡观念以及对自我的态度)。

The ridgeline of the Mont Blanc massif catches the last rays of sun on a crystal-clear evening. Mont Blanc is western Europe's highest peak, measuring 15,770 feet (4,807 meters). Mt. Elbrus in Russia is Europe's tallest mountain measuring 18,510 feet (5,642 meters).

中文翻译勃朗峰的山脊线在水晶般干净的夜幕下被最后一缕阳光所照亮。15700英尺（4807米）的勃朗峰是西欧第一高峰。18510英尺（5642米）位于俄罗斯的厄尔普鲁士峰则是欧洲第一高峰。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。