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Therefore, it's natural to estimate those values of operators such as 〓, log mf and so on in order to investigate the weighted inequalities for the minimal operator We discuss them under two conditions respectively: In one-weight case, we establish the relative weighted inequalities under the condition of A〓-weight and A〓-weight respectively, and the equivalent condition has been found between the strong -type weighted inequality and the property of W〓-weight; while in the case of two-weight condition, we characterize the equivalent relations between the weak type weighted inequality and the property of W〓-weight, the strong -type weighted inequality and the property of W〓-weight.

我们分两种情况分别加以讨论：单权情况下，我们分别刻画了A∞权和A〓权条件下关于〓，log mf等的强型加权不等式，并证明了关于鞅的极小算子的强型加权不等式与对应的W〓权性质之间的某些等价关系；在双权情况下，我们刻画了关于极小算子的弱型加权不等式与W〓权以及强型加权不等式与W〓权之间的等价关系。

SiO〓 crystal transformation was improved by adding Na〓SO〓, alpha cristobalite but not tridymite was catalytic active support. C〓 selectivity was improved by adding W and P, and suppressed deep oxidation property of SiO〓. W-O in catalyst surface was not active species. The support combined with S, W, P show low activity and high C〓 selectivity.

Na〓SO〓的加入促进了SiO〓晶型的转化，α-方石英是催化活性载体成分，而鳞石英没有甲烷氧化偶联反应活性。W和P的加入改善了C〓烃的选择性，抑制了SiO〓的深度氧化特性；W-O物种不是催化活性物种；由S、W、P及SiO〓组成的载体反应活性较差，但选择性较好；同时S元素对C〓烃的选择性的贡献有限。

A unit vector in the direction of the vector w; it means the same as w/|w

uw 向量 w 方向上的单位向量，它的含义与 w/|w|相同

At 80 W, the thermal resistance is 0.11 K/W for the porous surface. For the same condition, the thermal resistance is 0.22 and 0.33 K/W for pin-fin and mesh-covered surfaces, respectively.

以池温50oC之FC-72而言，在80 W时：针状鳍片与网格表面之阻抗分别为0.22及0.33 K/W；多孔隙表面之热阻约0.11 K/W，比光滑表面降低约80 %。

In this dissertation, InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser and its characterization were presented. Some conclusions are as following: the characteristics of lasing threshold was discussed by using rate equation. The dependent relations between threshold and cavity volume, spontaneous emission coupling efficiency β were investigated. The whispering gallery mode and spontaneous emission in a microdisk geometry were then studied. Almost all spontaneous emission was coupled into the lowest order TE mode when the normalized thickness of photonics well was between 0.15 and 0.5. The design principle and device process of InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser were presented. The microdisk lasers with the diameter of 8μm, 4. 5μm and 2μm were succesfully fabricated by using etching techniques. The pulse lasing thresholds for the microdisk with the diameter of 8μm and 4. 5μm were 170μW and 15μW, a record results compared with the published in the literature. The cw lasing threshold for a 2-μm-diameter microdisk was only a few μW. We haven't found similar report up to now. To solve the problem of directional output in a microdisk laser, the power coupling efficiency in a double disk geometry was investigated with the theory of waveguide mode couple. A new structure of electrically pumped microdisk laser with output waveguide was designed, making a foundation for the practical use of microdisk laser.

本文主要研究InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱半导体碟型激光器的研制和特性表征，并取得如下结果：利用速率方程理论讨论了激光器激射阈值的特性，分析了阈值与腔体积和自发发射耦合系数β之间的关系；讨论了微碟光子阱结构中的自发发射特性和微碟中WGM模式特性；光子阱结构在其归一化厚度在0.15-0.5之间时，几乎全部自发发射进入到最低阶TE模式中；研究了InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱微碟激光器的结构设计原理和器件的制备工艺；利用刻蚀方法成功制备出直径分别为8μm、4.5μm、2μm的碟型微腔激光器；直径8μm和4.5μm的微碟脉冲光泵浦激射阈值分别为170μW、15μW，是目前所见文献报导中比较低的；直径2μm的微碟连续光泵浦激射阈值仅几μW，目前尚未见到达到类似结果的研究报导；为解决微碟激光器激射光定向引出的问题，通过波导耦合模理论分析了双层碟之间功率耦合效率；据此设计了新型带耦合输出波导的电泵浦微腔激光器，为进一步研制可实用的电泵浦微腔激光器打下基础。

For m-modal maps with m turning points C1,C2,…,Cm, by defining equivalent scaling factors α_e as the geometric average of all scaling factors α_Ci (i=1,2,…,m),|α_e|=|α_C1α_C2…α_Cm|1/m, global superuniversal relationship between equivalent scaling factors α_e and fractal dimensions d of Feigenbaum-type attractors on all the infinitely many critical points of transitions to chaos is obtained: dlog_|α_e|=β~, where|W| is the basic period of the m-tuply superstable sequences W, and β~ is not only independent of the concrete sequences W, but also independent of the concrete maps.

对于具有m个转变点C_1，C_2，…，C_m的m峰映射，通过定义等效标度因子α_e为所有标度因子α_(i=1，2，…，m)的几何平均，|α_e|=|α_(C_1)α_(C_2)…α_|~(1/m)，得到了等效标度因子α_e与所有无穷多个转变至混沌的临界点上Feigenbaum型吸引子的分维d之间的一个整体性的超普适关系：dlog_|α_e|=β~(e，其中|W|是m超稳序列W的基本周期，超普适常数β~(e不仅不依赖于具体的序列W，而且也不依赖于具体的映射。

For m-modal maps with m turning points C1,C2,…,Cm, by defining equivalent scalingfactors α_e as the geometric average of all scaling factors α_Ci (i=1,2,…,m),|α_e|=|α_C1α_C2…α_Cm|1/m, global superuniversal relationship between equivalent scaling factors α_e and fractal dimensions d of Feigenbaum-type attractors on all the infinitely many critical points of transitions to chaos is obtained: dlog_|α_e|=β~, where|W| is the basic period of the m-tuply superstablesequences W, and β~ is not only independent of the concrete sequences W, but also independent of the concrete maps.

对于具有m个转变点C_1，C_2，…，C_m的m峰映射，通过定义等效标度因子α_e为所有标度因子α_(i=1，2，…，m)的几何平均，|α_e|=|α_(C_1)α_(C_2)…α_|~(1/m)，得到了等效标度因子α_e与所有无穷多个转变至混沌的临界点上Feigenbaum型吸引子的分维d之间的一个整体性的超普适关系：dlog_|α_e|=β~(e，其中|W|是m超稳序列W的基本周期，超普适常数β~(e不仅不依赖于具体的序列W，而且也不依赖于具体的映射。

To strengthen the properties of Ni-W alloy, dimethylamine borane was added to an alloy Ni-W electrolyte solution and a ternary Ni-W-B alloy was electrodeposited.

为提高Ni-W合金的性能，在加入二甲基胺硼烷的Ni-W合金电解液中电沉积获得Ni-W-B三元合金镀层。

The results show that the best sintering process for SiC preform is 1100℃, 8 h in vacuum, by which the open porosity is 99.6% and the preform strength reaches 0.57 MPa. The thermo-physical characteristics of 57% SiCp/Al composites produced by this technique are as follows: the relative density is 98.7%; the thermal expansion coefficient is 7.5×10-6 ℃-1 which almost matches those of GaAs and BeO; the thermal conductivity is 1.65×105 W/K, which corresponds to that of Cu(15%)/W and decuples that of Kovar alloy; the density is close to that of aluminum and less than that of one fifth of Cu/W.

结果表明：经1 100 ℃真空烧结8 h的SiC预成形坯开孔率可以达到99.6%，抗压强度为0.57 MPa；所制备的57％SiCp/Al复合材料相对密度为98.7％，热膨胀系数为7.5×10-6 ℃-1，与GaAs、 BeO的接近，热导率为1.65×105 W/K，与传统Cu(15%)/W相当，是柯伐合金的10倍，在密度上接近Al，不到Cu/W的1/5。

We use the single particle model and find a new nonlinear resonant acceleration criterion analytical: nw(1)+mw(2)=NW, m,n,Nare integers, w(1,w(2), W are the frequency of the two waves and the charged particle cyclotron respective,this result can be extended to the multiple waves ,we make numerical simulation and numerical results are consistent with the analytical results. This paper consists six chapters.

因此本文从基本的情况开始，以两个静电波与磁化等离子体相互作用问题为研究出发点，通过多标度展开的理论方法，求解带电粒子的运动方程，得到的一个新的非线性共振加速条件：nw(1)+mw(2)=NW，（m，n，N为整数，W，w(1)，w(2)分别为带电粒子的回旋频率以及两个静电波的频率），该结果可以推广到多个静电波作用于磁化等离子体的情况，随后通过数值计算证实了解析结论的可靠性。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失