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Firstly, the approach formulates a cost functional to turn the inverse problem into a constrained minimization problem according to least squares criterion, then the resulting constrained minimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained minimization problem by using a penalty function technique, and then the closed Fr chet derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the properties are derived based on the calculus of variations, finally, one can solve the resulting problem by using any gradient-based algorithm and the finite-difference time-domain method.

该方法首先以最小二乘准则构造目标函数，将逆问题表示为约束最小化问题；接着应用罚函数法转化为无约束最小化问题；然后基于变分计算导出闭式的拉格朗日函数关于特征参数的Fr chet导数；最后借助梯度算法和时域有限差分法迭代反演德拜模型参数。

Furthermore, we define a convolution multiplication between characteristic functions of constructible subsets by using push-forward functor from the category of algebraic varieties over C to the category of spaces of constructible functions. We construct geometric model for "intrinsic symmetry" of the octahedral axiom in a triangulated category. Using it, we deduce the multiplication satisfies the Jacobi identity of Lie algebra and then realize infinite dimensional Lie algebras.

进一步，我们使用复代数簇范畴到可构函数空间范畴的pushforward函子，给出了可构集上特征函数的卷积乘法，并构造了三角范畴八面体公理的内蕴对称性的几何模型，最终证明了对于不可分解支撑有界可构集的特征函数，乘法满足李代数定义的Jacobi恒等式，从而给出了无限维李代数的实现。

Firstly, we suggest using context-free language to describe the start code string of MPEG-2 and using minimum-distance error-correcting parser to correct the errors in MPEG-2 start code string. This method hasn't been reported elsewhere. Secondly, side motion estimation rule is proposed for temporal error concealment and based on the rule, many new algorithms are proposed. Among which, the temporal error concealment method utilizing overlapped block motion compensation and side motion estimation rule has exceeded the best performance ever reported.

首先，提出用上下文无关语言描述MPEG-2起始码链，用最小距离误差校正剖析方法进行MPEG-2起始码链的识别与误差校正，该方法国际上尚未有同类报导；其次，提出了用边界运动估计准则进行时域错误掩盖，基于该准则提出了一系列新算法，其中基于重叠块运动补偿和边界运动估计准则的时域错误掩盖算法达到所有已知算法的最佳性能。

The cubic interpolation polynomial is got firstly in the given sub-range of the hydrophone's sensitivity-frequency curve by using the Akima curve smoothed algorithm, and the maximum of the polynomial is calculated in the sub-range by using the one dimension extreme value continued fraction algorithm, finally the frequency of the hydrophone is got.

频率测试是在灵敏度详细测试的基础上，采用阿克玛曲线光滑算法求出检波器幅频特性曲线在给定子区间上的三次插值多项式，再利用一维极值连分式法求出该区间上多项式的极值，从而求出检波器的频率值。

An index is calculated as the ratio of the economic loss estimated by using the continuity method and the economic loss calculated by using the discrete method with different seismic performance levels.The minimum number of performance levels is considered as the rational result when the index is within a prescribed small range.

这在1994年美国北岭、1995年日本阪神和1999年台湾集集地震中，由于不能有效地控制结构破坏而带来了巨大的经济损失[4-5]，远远超出了预先的估计。

The development direction of the company is continuo usly upgrade the quality of the patent product, bring the advantage of the product into full play by using its good character, enlarging sales, not only doing a good job in domestic market, but also doing well in exporting trade and dedicating its own bit of power for the country in earning foreign currencies by fully using the chance of China Enters WTO .

公司的发展方向是：不断提升专利产品档次，利用该产品的特点，充分发挥出该产品的优势，扩大对内对外的销售，不仅要抓好国内市场，还要充分利用中国加入WTO的机遇，搞好对外出口贸易，为国家出口创汇贡献企业的力量。

The faults of pipelines were separately treated in discrete random variable and continuous random variable using the probability analysis method and choosing the reasonably different probability models based on the fault statistics data of pressure pipelines extracted from random inspection, and the fracture failure probability of pressure pipelines was calculated using the fracture failure risk analysis system for pressure piping system containing defects.

以抽检得到的压力管线缺陷统计数据为依据，采用概率分析方法，通过合理选取不同概率模型，将缺陷分别按离散型及连续型随机变量进行处理，应用在役压力管道失效风险分析系统计算出管线的断裂失效概率。

In the second chapter, using contradistinctive tact, analyzed similarities and differences of the judicial protection institution on citizen's basic constitutional rights of China and foreign countries. Learned from others' strengths to offset one's weaknesses, using these a s references to perfect the judicial protection on citizen's basic constitutional rights.

第二章，采用对比的手法，分析中外公民基本权利的司法保障制度的异同，取人之长，弃人之短，为完善我国公民基本权利司法保护提供参考与借鉴。

In the second chapter, using contradistinctive tact, analyzed similarities and differences of the judicial protection institution on citizen"s basic constitutional rights of China and foreign countries. Learned from others" strengths to offset one"s weaknesses, using these as references to perfect the judicial protection on citizen"s basic constitutional rights.

第二章，采用对比的手法，分析中外公民基本权利的司法保障制度的异同，取人之长，弃人之短，为完善我国公民基本权利司法保护提供参考与借鉴。

The purpose of this paper is to find the proper character of cooling water and the ways of it pass in and out the jet, which make sure that the anode of plasma ignition jet will not be ruined, to prolong the useful life of the pole, by using the numerical analyze in plasma ignition torch against heat transfer of anode and cooling-water against convection current heat transfer, and process the simulation calculation by using FLUENT soft.

本文通过对等离子体点火炬与阳极传热以及冷却水与对流湍流传热的数值分析，运用FLUENT软件进行模拟计算，找出满足使等离子点火器阳极不被烧蚀的冷却水的合理参数及冷却水进出水方式，来延长电极的使用寿命。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。