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A three-dimensional finite element spatial mechanics model for calculating the additional longitudinal force transmission between continuously welded rails and high-speed railway bridges is established by using solid element to simulate bridges as well as pier and abutment,using space beam element to simulate rails,using spring element to simulate the link between bridges and tracks as well as pier and abutment.

采用实体单元模拟桥梁及桥梁墩台、空间梁单元模拟钢轨、弹簧单元模拟桥梁与墩台及轨道之间的连接，建立梁—轨纵向相互作用三维有限元空间力学模型。以丰沙线永定河单线铁路桥梁、秦沈线沙河双线铁路桥梁对其进行计算验证。

The results showed that the two kinds of Ni-P electroless deposits are both amorphous. The phosphorus content in the deposit using lactic acid as complexing agent is 10.04%, and in the deposit using citric acid as complexing agent is 11.93%. As the Na2S content increases, the polarizability increases, and the corrosion current and corrosion potential decrease while the Na2S content is between 1.0%~2.5%. The corrosion resistance of Ni-P electroless deposit using lactic acid as complexing agent is better than that of another kind.

结果表明，利用两种络合剂形成的Ni-P镀层均为非晶态，其中以乳酸为络合剂的镀层中P含量为l0.04mass%，以柠檬酸为络合剂的镀层中P含量为11.93mass%，在1.0%~2.5% Na2S多介质中，随着Na2S多含量的增加，阳极极化曲线的极化率增大，自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流降低。

First, we consider nonholonomic chained systems with modeling error, in this section,based on back-stepping , using the so-called adding a integrator , state-scaling technique , we design discontinuous feedback law,such that the trival solution of the closed-loop systems global strong stable; Second,we consider high-order nonholonomic chained systems with modeling errors and external disturbances, in this section,using input/state-scaling and integrator backstepping methods , we design discontinuous feedback law and give out the switching strategy, such that the closed-loop systems global /C-exponential stable; Finally, we consider a class of more general power chained form systems with particular drift-terms, in this section , using Lyapunov method, we design time-varying feedback law , such that the closed -loop systems p—exponential stable.

第一部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的高阶非完整链系统，我们运用加幂积分器、State-scaling技巧以及基于Back-stepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，从而使得所讨论系统的闭环系统的平凡解全局强稳定；第二部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的不确定高阶非完整链系统，这一部分我们运用input／state scaling和integrator backstepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，并给出切换策略，使得所对应的闭环系统全局κ-指数稳定；第三部分考虑的系统是形式更为一般的且带有特殊形式漂移项的幂链系统，利用Lyapunov函数方法，设计出时变反馈律，从而使得相应的闭环系统ρ-指数稳定。

CFS is developed by using Polysulfonamide, cellulose, sepiolite andbrucite fibers as reinforced fibers, using acrylonitrile-butadiene and natural rubberas binders, using calcium carbonate, hydrated magnesium silicate, bolus alba asfiller and agent. This new material's main performances reach or are close to thesimilar products of foreign countries, and fill in the domestic gapes in the field.

首次选用有机芳砜纶纤维、纤维素纤维和无机海泡石纤维、水镁石纤维等为代石棉纤维，以丁腈橡胶和天然橡胶为弹性粘结剂，并加入碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土等无机填料和其它配合剂，采用压缩成张工艺成功地研制出具有工业应用价值的CFS，其主要性能指标达到或接近国外同类产品的水平，填补了国内在这一领域的空白。

Measured the basic physical parameters of unsaturated soils in Three Gorges Reservoir area; 2 measured the initial sample matric suction using the unsaturated triaxial testing system, which can be used to evaluate the unsaturated soil strength and stress; 3 the drying and moisture absorption experiments were executed using the Tempe apparatus, and got the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve, permeability coefficients of every stress level were simulated according to the parameters from the SWCC; 4 the unsaturated soil strength tests were carried out using the GDS triaxial testing system, then got the Mohr circle and shear strength parameters; the results from different stress paths were compared; meanwhile, the axial strain-stress ratio-volume strain curve of different matric suction and different radial pressure was got, as well as their relationship; The research, which provided the necessary data and reference for Three Gorges Reservoir area geologic disaster, is the basic component of Three Gorges Reservoir geologic disaster prevention and research, and experimental results will be used directly in the project.

1量测了三峡库区非饱和土的基本物性参数； 2用非饱和土三轴试验仪量测了试样的初始基质吸力，为评估非饱和土的强度和应力水平提供参考； 3用Tempe仪和体积压力板仪进行了非饱和土的干燥和吸湿试验，得到了土-水特征曲线，并根据其参数拟合出各级吸力状态下对应的渗透系数； 4用GDS三轴仪进行了强度试验，得到了Mohr圆和抗剪强度参数；并比较分析了不同应力路径下试验结果；同时得到不同吸力和不同围压下轴向应变-应力比-体应变的关系曲线和其相互关系。该研究是三峡库区地质灾害防治研究工作的基础性工作，其结果将直接应用到工程实际中，为三峡库区地质灾害提供必要的数据和参考。

Nanoparticles encapsulating PPA HCl were prepared using the solid jelly pulverization technique. The size of the PPA HCl - hydrogel nanoparticles was assessed using a LS particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy. The rheological properties of suspensions are characterized by Cone and Plate Viscometer. In addition, any drug-polymer interactions were assessed using a differential scanning calorimeter.

奈米微粒包覆PPA HCl是以固态凝胶研磨技术来完成，负载PPA HCl之亲水胶体奈米微粒以雷射粒径分析仪与扫瞄式电子显微镜来检测其粒子大小，悬液之流体特性是以Cone and Plate黏度计来评估，此外，药物与胶体聚合物间之交互作用则是以热卡式分析仪来检视。

Speakers import modules with a combination of : titanium membrane Treble, and with fiberglass trumpet, better high frequency extension stronger sense of space; Bass modules using imported pulp Senate carbon fiber, rigid speaker cone greatly strengthened, the effective bandwidth within a more flat frequency response and bass modules using aluminum frame and aluminum wire voice coil. Shaker skeleton of the United States military material, light weight, high efficiency, so that the audio sound pressure increased significantly. more males, bass magnetic circuit using high efficiency of the cooling system to ensure that the speakers have very good heat dissipation, reduce distortion, effectively reduce the power to the compression.

跟进口喇叭单元的结合：采用钛膜高音，配以玻璃钢号角，使高频得到更好的延伸，空间感更强；低音单元采用进口纸浆参碳纤维，纸盆刚性大大加强，在有效的频宽内有更平坦的频率回应，低音单元采用铝盆架和铝扁线音圈，音圈骨架为美国军事物料制造，品质轻，效率高，使音频的声压大幅度提高，更具爆发力，低音磁路采用高效率的冷却系统，保证了扬声器有很好的散热，减少失真，有效降低功率的压缩给。

The illustrated examples include a lumped element, Chebishev, bandpass filter using p- type resonators, a coaxial cavity bandpass filter using l/8 resonators with capacitive tuning, a coaxial cavity bandpass filter using l/4 resonators and a half wavelength via-hole direct-coupled filter.

被说明的例子包括一台lumped 元素、Chebishev 、带通滤波器使用p-类型谐振器，一台同轴洞带通滤波器使用l/8 谐振器以电容定调，一台同轴洞带通滤波器使用l/4 谐振器并且半波长通过孔指挥被结合的过滤器。

Again, I maintain that we should use the flexural-tensile strain and the vertical shearing stress of the bottom of cover of the joint as the target for the design of the cover structure of asphalt on the old cement concrete. In addition, on the basis of much theoretical analysis, I preliminarily put forward to a designing methods to anchor the old cement concrete road by using dog irons made of iron bars and then covering it using asphalt concrete structure. Finally, through selecting the plan of the cover of the road to be experimented, and making a detailed introduction to the techniques of construction according to the result of theoretical analysis, I know that after anchoring the slabs close to each other with dog irons made of iron, and then cover them using asphalt cement concrete has an obvious effect on preventing and slowing down the reflection cracks in the bituminous concrete skin coat over the old road.

在大量分析的基础上提出了马钉锚固罩面结构中相邻两块水泥混凝土板接缝处的相对水平位移、相对垂直位移、接缝处沥青层底部的弯拉应变和剪应变的计算公式；再次，提出了采用接缝处罩面层底部的弯拉应变、垂直剪应变作为旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青混凝土罩面结构的设计指标，并在大量理论分析的基础上，初步提出了马钉锚固旧水泥混凝土板后沥青混凝土罩面结构的设计方法；最后，根据理论分析的结果，选定试验路的罩面方案，并对其施工工艺进行了详细的介绍，表明采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻混凝土板后，再进行沥青混凝土罩面的方法在防止或减缓罩面层反射裂缝方面具有明显的效果。

It mainly contains the following things. At first, I bring for the way of anchoring two cementing slabs next to by using dog irons made of iron bars and then cover the surface of the road using bituminous concrete. After analyzing the feasibility of this method by using the famous and popular use soft ware ASYS, the results show the magnitude of the temperature stresses on the limited mat coat of the road has nothing to do with the length of the concrete slabs after covering it with bituminous concrete. Meanwhile, the relative horizontal shifting, the flexural-tensile strain, and the vertical shearing stress of the slabs next to it becomes the least after anchoring them with dog irons made of iron. Therefore it proves that it really works to use this method to prevent and slow down the speed of the reflection cracks in the bituminous concrete skin coat over the old road.

首先，提出采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻水泥混凝土板后再进行沥青混凝土罩面的新方法；采用国际著名的通用有限元软件ANSYS对其可行性进行了分析，结果表明在有限尺寸的板上进行沥青混凝土罩面后，罩面结构的温度应力的大小与板的长度几乎没有关系，同时采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻旧水泥混凝土板后，可以明显地减小相邻板的相对水平位移、接缝处罩面层底部的弯拉应变和垂直剪应变，从而表明该法对防止或减缓旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青混凝土罩面层的反射裂缝是确实可行的。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。