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Opeator theory is one of the most important fields in functional analysis. In recentyears, Generalized Inverse and Effect Algebra have been live topics in operator theory.

算子论是泛函分析中一个极其重要的研究领域，算子的广义逆及效应代数是近年来算子论中比较活跃的研究课题。

The dissertation focuses on performance gradient estimation and SRO algorithm of DES aswell as other related topics,such as modeling of DES and discrete event simulation,performancemeasure Hessian matrix estimation,Stochastic Approximationand so on.General Semi-Markov Processis adapted to describe behaviour of DES and discrete eventsimulation.A general result is obtained and applied to analyze strong consistency of performancegradient Perturbation Analysisestimator.Conditions for effectiveness of InfinitesimalPerturbation Analysisare also discussed.New PA algorithms,such as server PA,PA usingDirac generalized function,job sequence PA etc.,are proposed to deal with discreteparameters.Furthermore,strategies of combining PA algorithms with certain iterative rules areanalyzed widely in order to optimize DES parameters and some SRO algorithms are constructed toslove DES optimization problems.

论文将DES性能分析领域中性能梯度估计和单运行仿真优化作为主要的研究对象，探讨了与性能梯度估计有关的DES和离散事件仿真过程建模、高阶导数估计以及随机逼近等理论和方法；建立了具有一般性的DES和离散事件仿真的广义半Markov过程模型；获得了分析性能梯度估计量强相合性的理论结果和无穷小摄动分析算法应用的条件；提出了诸如服务台数目的摄动分析、奇异摄动分析、串联生产线和加工车间中工件加工序的摄动分析等一系列摄动的思想和算法，对连续参数和离散参数都进行了深入的研究；对摄动分析算法同优化规则结合实现仿真优化的策略也进行了广泛的分析，构造了新型的变界截尾的随机逼近算法，并用于DES的单运行仿真优化研究；最后，给出了DES性能分析方法的实证性研究结果。

The study of the comparative construction has been one of the major topics in the generative tradition.

对英语比较结构已经进行了广泛的研究，然而与之相比，对汉语的研究就显得很单薄。

The light verb assumption is one of the most important research topics in Generative Grammar.

轻动词假设是生成语法研究的重要内容之一。

The study of the relative construction has long been one of the major topics in Generative Grammar.

定语从句结构一直以来都是生成语法学界研究的一个热点问题。

Genetic Algorithm is one of the current hot topics in the area of computer science.

遗传算法是当前计算机科学的一个研究热点。

In order to model the best geoid, two main topics are studied.

为了得到最佳的大地起伏模型，本文研究两个主要的课题。

The topics covered in these sections are the geometric interpretation of systems of linear equations, the classification of finite symmetry groups in two and three dimensions, the exponential of a matrix and its application to solving systems of first order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, and Hurwitz's theorem on the composition of quadratic forms.

这些条文所涉及的主题是线性方程组的几何解释，在两个和三个有限对称群的分类方面，一个矩阵及其应用，以解决一阶常系数线性差分方程，系统指数赫尔维茨定理在二次形式组成。

Coming from a journalism background but engaging in a wider arena of cultural topics were hosts like Phil Donahue, Oprah Winfrey, and Geraldo Rivera.

来自新闻背景，但从事文化领域的广泛话题的主持人有像菲尔休，奥普拉和热拉尔多里韦拉。

The Masters Degree Programmes in Gerontology cover topics related to ageing of individuals and populations, the consequences of ageing, as well as the factors ...

硕士学位课程包括在老年学有关的个人和人口老龄化的主题，老龄化的后果，以及背后的因素，人口老化进程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。