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There were only three invasive alien plant species out of 24 investigated plant species occurred in core zone, which were clearly lower than those of experimental and buffer zones. The invasive alien plant species accounted for 12.5% of total plant species. The invasive alien plant species with the largest comprehensive values of dominance were Peperomia pellucida and Ageratum conyzoides.

在核心区的样方内共调查到了24种植物，外来入侵植物有3种，占植物总数的12.50%，入侵植物数量明显低于实验区和缓冲区，优势度综合值最大的外来入侵植物是草胡椒Peperomia pellucida和胜红蓟。

Nigra, B. oleracea and B. carinata belonged to class 2A according to the classification of karyotypes by Stebbins (1971). According to Levitzky's and Stebbin's view, the more asymmetric karyotype a species has, the more evolved it is. Therefore, B. campestris is the furthest evolved species among the elementary species, and B. juncea and B. napus the furthest among the amphidiploid species. Compared with the previous reports, there is no any cytoplasm in the chromosome sample prepared using this protocol which is very useful for the karyotype analysis, as well as the FISH research on Brassica species.

对上述研究结果分析表明：（1）芸薹属复合种是由基本种相互杂交而成；（2）B基因组与A或与C基因组亲缘关系较远，而A和C基因组亲缘关系较近；（3）芸薹属复合种在演化过程中，发生了染色体结构上的重排现象；（4）芸薹属复合种演化过程中，rRNA基因位点发生了减少；所获结果与国外同类报道相比表明：国内的白菜型油菜存在新的rRNA基因位点，即rRNA基因在芸薹属同一物种不同的品种间具有多态性；有关这类研究国内尚未见报道。

Macro-invertebrate from Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were found in six sections from Baihe to Zhejiang road in the Suzhou River, among which four species were from Oligochaeta, two species from Hirudinea, five species from Gastropoda, two species from Bivalvia and several species from Insecta.

苏州河白鹤至浙江路段6个采样断面大型底栖动物隶属于环节动物门、软体动物门及节肢动物门。其中寡毛纲4种、蛭纲2种、腹足纲5种、双壳纲2种及昆虫纲摇蚊科幼虫与潜蝇蛹。

Love was the maternal donor of the polyploid Elymus; the "Y" genome existed in the StY-genome Elymus may be differentiated from the St genome, i.e., the autopolyploid StSt-genome species probably experienced genomic differentiation within a species after autopolyploidy, leading to the significant genomic change and resulting the StY-genome allotetraploids; the StY genome species distributed in the Central Asia with a high level of genetic diversity radiated to the Western and Eastern Asia, under the environmental selection and other factors, and only a few species spread to the western Asia and most species have remained in the Central and eastern Asia.

3分子证据表明在StY基因组的物种之间有明显的地理分化，中亚可能是StY基因组披碱草属植物的分化中心，并在此基础上，StY基因组的披碱草属植物向东亚和西亚进行了快速的辐射，形成了现代StY基因组物种的分布格局；多次杂交、迁移和分化是StY基因组的披碱草属植物进化的主要动力。(4)拟鹅观草属物种可能是所有披碱草属植物的母本供体。

In the first chapter, using fragments of COI gene, we studied the phylogenetic relationships among species of five familes of Acridoidea with MP and Bayesian methods. The results were as follows:(1) Species of Acrididae, Gomphoceridae and all the Arcypterinae species of Arcypteridae are monophyletic. Species of Oedipodidae are supported as a monophyleticgroup, Ceracrinae species of Arcypteridae cluter together to make a monophyletic group. Epistaurus aberrans and Xenocatantops humilis is a phylogenetic group, Stenocatantops splendens and Hieroglyphus banian is also a phylogenetic group.

我们首先利用COI基因序列片段，使用最大简约法、贝叶斯法研究了斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科42种的系统发育关系，得到如下结果：（1）由所有网翅蝗亚科的物种与剑角蝗科绿洲蝗亚科和槌角蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；斑翅蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；网翅蝗科的竹蝗亚科的黄脊雷蓖蝗和青脊竹蝗聚在一起形成单系群；斑腿蝗科的长翅十字蝗和大斑外斑腿蝗亲缘关系较近，形成一个单系群；长角直斑腿蝗和等歧蔗蝗始终聚在一起，形成一个单系群。

Methods:Wild rodents were captured by snap-traps in three different ecological habitats in the region from June 1998 to May 1999.7 species of rodents,568 individuals were examined for ectoparasites,16 species of flea,3 species of tick,22 species of gamasid mite,and 7 species of chigger mite collected.

1998年6月至1999年5月在该地区的3类生境按常规方法共捕获鼠类7种568只，采集体外寄生虫48种3859只，其中蚤类16种582只，蜱类3种416只，革螨22种1081只，恙螨7种1780只。

Beijing has 4 species of monsoon type, 1 species of south-China type and 1 species of oriental type. Chiropteran in western of Beijing is abundant, including 81 % of species. The north of Beijing is lack of great cave, there are only common species.

北京西部种类特别丰富，占北京翼手类的82%：北部燕山山区，缺少大型溶洞，翼手类中主要为本市常见种类，但分布许多北京地区稀有和少见种类。

Most of the species were distributed among 5 orders: 93 species of Homoptera, 90 species of Coleoptera, 77 species of Lepidoptera, 30 species ...

分布种类数最多的5个目为：同翅目93种，鞘翅目90种，鳞翅目77种，半翅目30种，直翅目20种。

Smilax, there are the phylogenetic relationships and distributive pattern to be found based on the combined ITS and maiK. tree: 1 a clade with the African species (S. kraussiana) and Australian species (S. australis), being a sister group; 2 a clade with the S. zeylanica of sect. Macranthae and S. bona-nox of sect. China, the former from Southeast Asia and latter native to US, showing they are a sister species which is disjunctive between Asia-North America, similar to the species pair of S. hispida and S. sieboldii; 3 S. perfoliata from Indonesia being sister to S. ocreata of China and S. megacarpa of Indonesia, which are very similar to each other in morphology; 4 the three species from China (S. lanceifolia, S. perfoliata and S. chapaensis) and S.ovalifolia from Indonesia showing a 87-92% bts monophyletic clade; 5 S.bracteata from China and two species of Indonesia (S. leucophylla and S. sp.) forming a clade in the ITS tree; 6 S.

通过比较研究圆锥花序组和穗菝葜组的地理分布，基于ITS及matK联合数据构建的系统树发现下列明显的具系统发育关系的类群及地理分布模式：1来自非洲的S.kraussiana和来自澳大利亚的S.australis是一对姐妹群，具有共同的祖先；2圆锥花序组的S.zeylanica和菝葜组的S.bona-nox形成一个紧密的分支，前者分布于东亚而后者只局限于美国，显示了一种类似于S.sieboldii和S.hispida那样的东亚—北美间断分布模式；3印度尼西亚的S.perfoliata是分布于中国的S.ocreata和来自印尼S.megacarpa的姐妹群，这三者在形态上也非常接近，表明具有共同祖先；4来自中国的三个种(S.lanceifolia，S.perfoliata and S.chapanensis)和来自印尼的S.ovalifolia形成了一个高支持率的单系分支(87-92％bts)；5基于ITS的系统树，来自中国的S.bracteata和来自印度尼西亚的两个种S.leucophylla and S.sp。

Among the nektons, freshwater species (10 species) were the most abundant ecological groups, followed by estuarine (6 species), migratory (3 species), and coastal species (1 species).

生态类群主要以淡水性种类(10种)和河口性种类(6种)为主，洄游性种类(3种)和海洋性种类(1种)较少。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。