查询词典 Species

From March to May, 2008, we surveyed avian community structures in 3 typical urban forest of Shenyang city (Campus of Liaoning University, Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Beiling Park). During the study, total 25 species of birds were recorded, which included 12 resident species, 6 aestival migratory species, 3 hiemal migratory species, 5 breeding species, and 3 passenger species.

2008年3月至2008年5月，对沈阳市三处城市森林（辽大校园、中国科学院沈阳树木园、北陵公园）中鸟类的群落结构进行了调查，全部林地中共记录到25种鸟类，其中有留鸟12种，夏候鸟6种，冬候鸟3种，繁殖鸟5种，旅鸟3种。

The study on the phylogenetic relations among these species is very useful for the study on genome and marker-assisted breeding in Brassica species. The karyotypic analysis is one of the most important methods in analysing the phylogenetic relation of species with closer relations. The protocol for inducing high frequency metaphase was established by pretreatment with low temperature and 8hydroxyquinoline, and then the preparation of chromosome and karyotypes analysis of six economical important Brassica species were carried out. According to the karyotypic analysis, it was shown that in the genomes of amphidiploid species, there are genomical components from didiploid species. Our result showed that B. campetris, B. juncea and B. napus belonged to class 2B, while B.

以二倍体B.nigra（B，n=8）基因组为探针，用B.campestris（A，n=10）或B.oleracea（C，n=9）的基因组进行封阻，分别与B.juncea（AB，n=18）和B.carinata（BC，n=17）进行GISH杂交发现，B.juncea和B.carinata基因组中仅有来自于B.nigra的8对染色体表现杂交信号，而其它染色体杂交信号较弱；以B.campestris或B.oleracea基因组为杂交探针与B.napus（AC，n=19）进行GISH杂交发现，所有19对染色体均出现杂交信号，根据杂交结果难以正确判断B.napus基因组中的哪些染色体是来自于A基因组，哪些是来自于C基因组；以rRNA基因（18S-5.8S-26S）为探针的FISH杂交结果表明，B.campestris基因组中rRNA基因位点为6对；B.oleracea为3对；B.nigra为2对；B.carinata为4对；B.juncea为6对；B.napus为6对。

The sixteen plants are firstly divided into six types according to evaluation grades and subject function statistical method:the first type is Cajanus cajan and Crotalaria mucronata,the best adaptability ,which can be used pioneer plant or constructive species; the second type is Cynodon dactylon,the better adaptability, which can be used constructive species ;the third type is Eragrostis curvula, Paspalam notatum,which can be used constructive species on rotten rock slope ; the forth type is kummerowia striata,Lotus corniculatus and Vitex negundo.The adaptability is centered,and can be used protection species and auxiliary species;the fifth type is Robinia pseudoacacia,Eremochloa ophiuroides,Vitex negundo,Lespedeza formosa,Leucaena leucocephala,Desmodium sequax, Rhus chinne- nsis,which can't be plant singly and be used accessory species;the sixth is Trifolium repens,which can be used pioneer plant.

根据评价边坡防护植物适应性的十个重要指标，首次运用隶属函数和聚类分析方法，对各供试植物的边坡适应性综合排序并分为六类：第一类为木豆和猪屎豆，边坡适应性最强，适宜作为先锋植物和建群种；第二类为狗牙根，边坡适应性强，适宜与豆科植物混播，作为建群种；第三类为弯叶画眉草和百喜草，边坡适应性较强，适宜与豆科植物混播，作为风化岩边坡的建群种；第四类为鸡眼草、百脉根和马棘，边坡适应性中等，适宜作为保护种与伴生种；第五类为刺槐、假俭草、荆条、美丽胡枝子、银合欢、波叶山蚂蝗和盐肤木，边坡适应性较差，不宜单独在边坡上种植，最好与速生型豆科草本混播，作为边坡防护植物群落的辅助植物；第六类为白三叶，边坡适应性最差，但因其出苗率高、生长速度快，作为先锋植物，起到前期覆盖坡面的作用。

A high percentage of New Guinea's species are endemic, and thousands are still unknown to science: probably well over 200,000 species of insect, between 11,000 to 20,000 plant species; over 650 resident bird species, including most species of birds of paradise and bowerbirds , parrots , and cassowaries ; over 400 amphibians ; 455 butterfly species; marsupials and monotremes including Bondegezou , Goodfellow's Tree-kangaroo , Huon Tree-kangaroo , Long-beaked Echidna , Tenkile , Agile Wallaby , Alpine Wallaby , cuscuses and possums ; and various other mammal species.

高比例的新几内亚物种是只有当地特有，那里可能有远远超过 200，000种昆虫，是科学仍然未辨认的：亦有 11，000至20，000之间的植物物种；超过 650的留鸟种，包括大部分园丁鸟，鹦鹉， cassowaries；超过 400个两栖动物，455种蝴蝶，有袋动物和单孔类，包括 Bondegezou ，古德费洛的树袋鼠，翁树袋鼠，长吻针鼹， Tenkile ，敏捷袋鼠，高山袋鼠，负鼠和 cuscuses；和其他各种哺乳类动物。

The result showed that in Beijing there are 1505 species of wild vascular bundle, of which there are 3 species protected in the level of state and 98 species protected in the level of area and 36 species threatened and 199 species endemism. These species mainly distribute in Mentougou, Miyun, Yanqing, Huairou, Haidian, Fangshan, Changpin.

结果表明：北京地区野生维管植物共计1505种，国家重点保护野生维管束植物3种，北京市保护野生维管束植物98种，受危胁野生维管束植物36种，中国特有野生维管束植物199种，且主要分布于门头沟区、密云县、延庆县、怀柔区、海淀区、房山区、昌平区。

The key species in the pioneer species period is Achillea capillaries, Izeris denticulate, Salsola colliha., than the key species gradually change to Potentilla spp, Heteropappus altaicus, Cleistogenes spp in the species gradually prosperity period, Lespedeza dahurica, Stipa bungeana, Artemisia sacrorum in the species quasi-steady period, Lespedeza dahurica, Artemisia sacrorum in the species relatively steady period, Peri ploca sepium Bunge, Clematis fruticosa turcz, Spiraea spp in the bush pioneer species invasion period.

其中先锋植物物种期以茵陈蒿、苦买菜、猪毛菜为关键种；物种渐繁荣期以委陵菜、阿尔泰狗哇花和隐子草为关键种；物种鼎盛期多物种共存，关键种不明显；物种准稳定期以长芒草、铁杆蒿和达乌里胡枝子为关键种；物种相对稳定期以铁杆蒿、达乌里胡枝子为关键种；灌木先锋物种主要有杠柳、木本铁线莲、绣线菊等。

The AMF spore average density was 24.88 per 20 g soil , the species richness was 1.94 per soil sample, the species diversity index was 2.56, and the species evenness was 0.65. Glomus, but they all were of prominent genus in the investigation area and Acaulospora, Scutellospora were of common genus while Entrophospora was rarely found. In the 13 species AM fungi, G.mosseae was of prominent species, and G.geosporum, G.intraradices, G.etunicatum were of common speices, while the others were of rarely species. There were 87.5% sand fixation plant were infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the highest spore density, the strongest infection strength of the whole roots and the best species richness belonged to Chenopodiaceae while Polygonacea was the lowest.

四属AM真菌中，Glomus为优势属， Scutellospora 、Acaulospora为常见属，Entrophospora则为稀有属；十三种AM真菌中，G.mosseae、G.geosporum分别为优势种、最常见种，G.intraradices，G.etunicatum为常见种，其余均为稀有种；五科固沙植物中，87.5%的植物能被菌根侵染，其中藜科植物孢子密度最高，整个根系侵染强度最强，种的丰度最高，蓼科植物孢子密度、整个根系侵染强度、种的丰度则最低；禾本科植物不仅具有最好的丛枝结构，且具有相对高的亲和性，能与12种AM真菌共生。

The results showed:①the communities that stipa baicalensis is edificator had the highest species diversity, and the idea that stipa baicalensis communities were the local zone vegetation was supported;②the majority of studied communities were unsaturated in the species diversity, and the species diversity had a tendency to increate with the improvement of soil environment;③the relation of species diversity to community productivity was a one-humped function, that is, the species diversity of mediation productivity was highest;④the species diversity under intermediate disturbance was highest, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis was supported;⑤the content of potassium in soil had probably an important function, or was an important following factor in the types of grassland community;⑥a new hypothesis on the forming mechanism of species diversity of community, Small Scale Competition and Random-Patch Dynamic Hypothesis, was put forward boldly.

通过上述研究分析得出如下结果：①以贝加尔针茅为建群种的群落物种多样性最高，从物种多样性角度证明该群落类型最适应本区气候和环境条件，应是本区的地带性群落；②绝大多数群落的物种多样性处于未饱和状态，随土壤环境的改善呈明显的增加趋势；③物种多样性与群落生产力呈单峰函数关系，即在中等生产力水平时物种多样性最高；④放牧中等干扰水平物种多样性最高，支持Connell的中度干扰学说；⑤偶然发现土壤钾含量可能在草地植被类型分化中起到重要作用，至少是一个重要的伴随因子；⑥大胆提出了群落物种多样性构成机制的新学说即小尺度竞争随机斑块动态学说。

A background survey and a species observation on avian were conducted respectively in the Three Gorges Reservoir during 1996-1997,and 1999-2000.354 species,belonging to 17 orders and 51 families were recorded. Among them,153 (43.22%),164 (46.33%),and 37 (10.45%) species are the avian of Palaearctic region,Oriental region and Cosmopolitan respectively. There are 87 species (24.58%) of summer residents,63 species (17.78%) of winter residents,46 species (12.99%) of travelers and 158 species (44.63%) of residents.

1996～1997年和1999～2000年，分别对三峡库区的鸟类进行了本底调查和物种监测，共纪录到鸟类354种，隶属17目51科，其中古北种153种(43.22％)，东洋种164种(46.33％)，广布种37种(10.45％)；夏候鸟87种(24.58％)，冬候鸟63种(17.78％)，旅鸟46种(12.99％)，留鸟158种(44.63％)；繁殖鸟类245种(69.21％)；国家重点保护鸟类9科42种。

The results showed that the phytophagous insects in the spruce forest in Qilian Mountains exhibited obvious vertival stratification structure. According to the amounty of species of each structure, it could be divided into 6 insect communities, namely the insects community of the shrub and herbage (928 species), of the soil and root (780 species), of the tender end and needle (117 species), of the stem phloem and xylem (66 species), of the branch thin end twig shin (38 species), of the blossom and seed and fruit (14 species).

结果表明祁连山区青海云杉林中植食性昆虫具有明显的垂直分层结构，根据林分的垂直结构和昆虫寄生、取食树木组织部位可划分为6个群落，其种类由多到少依次为灌木和草本层昆虫群落（928种），土壤与根部昆虫群落（约780种），嫩梢与针叶昆虫群落（117种），树干韧皮部与木质部昆虫群落（66种）、枝梢与嫩皮昆虫群落（38种）、花与种实昆虫群落（14种）。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。