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The remaining three species are much more difficult, at least from herbarium material, as staminate flowers seem to offer no useful characters; leaves on flowering specimens are often young, and therefore, generally small, and in all three species the leaf shape and size is variable, with character states overlapping between the species.

Flacourtia mollis的年轻的果可以被它的叶毛被认出，剩下的3 种更难分，至少从标本馆的标本上看如此，因为雄花好像没有提供有用的特征；在花标本上的叶经常幼嫩，因此，通常小，在全部3 种中叶的形状和尺寸是易变的，在物种之间具有重叠特征状态。

The species of strongyloid nematodes were observed and identified by light microscopy. Twenty-two species belonging to 7 genera and 2 subfamilies' were discovered. Among them, one species of the genus Parapoteriostomum Hartwich,

结果］共鉴定出22种圆线虫，隶属于2亚科7属，其中副杯口属Parapoteriostomum Hartwich， 61986仅发现1种，即真臂副杯口线虫Parapoteriostomum euproctus (Boulcnger， 1917)Hartwich，1986。

Among these;2 genera 4 sPecies of family Kalotermitidae; 4 genera 10 species of family Rhinotermitidae; 19genera 47 species of family Termitidae.

而等翅目昆虫——白蚁，在该地区处于较重要的地位，按中国白蚁区系划分，属热带季雨林区滇南亚区（朱世模1989）。

Tilia amurensis,one of the mainly associated tree species in natural broad-leavedKorean pine mixtures and broad-leaved species mixtures of Changbai and small Xinganmountain area,is one of the important broad-leaved species for timber production.

紫椴是长白山和小兴安岭山脉阔叶—红松混交林及阔叶混交林的主要伴生树种之一，也是东北林区重要的阔叶用材树种之一。

The results showed that small-scale gaps were the predominant types of disturbance. The average gap density was 12.5 km^(-1). The distribution pattern of gaps was aggregated on south facing slopes and was approximately homogeneous on north facing slopes. Conifer trees were the primary gap-makers in this forest that was dominated by Abies faxoniana, Tsuga chinensis, Betida utilis, both in abundance and diameter rank. The decay class distribution of gap-makers indicated that the mode of gap formation and gap-maker species changed with age of the forest; the contribution of conifer species to gap formation decreased with time and broadleaf species increased.

结果表明：l本区以小型林隙干扰为主，林隙平均密度为12.5个km^(-1)，林隙的分布格局在阳坡和山脊为集聚分布，阴坡近均匀分布；林隙形成木以针叶树为主，岷江冷杉、铁杉和糙皮桦在形成木的数量和径级组成上均居前列。2林隙形成木的腐烂等级分布揭示出林隙形成木的形成方式和种类组成均随时间变化。

Results there 9 species of rodents belonged to 4genus,2 family,2order were found and rattus norvegicus was predominated, followed by rattus flavipectus. four species of fleas belonged to 4 genus of 3 families were identified and the predominated species was xenopsylla cheopis. natural dead rat were not discovered; yersinia pestis and f1 antibody were not detected.

结果 在调查市县发现啮齿动物隶属2目2科4属9种，以褐家鼠为优势鼠种，黄胸鼠次之；食虫目动物1科1属1种；梳检鼠体检获鼠体蚤3科4属4种，以印鼠蚤为绝对优势蚤种；未发现自毙鼠；未分离出鼠疫杆菌及未检测出f1抗体阳性血清。

Cage culture of the mandarin fish also decreased the dissolved oxygen concentrations, the species number and biomass of the zoobenthos around the cage area, but had no significant effects on the water temperature, pH, transparency, species composition of phytoplankton and zoobenthos, and the species composition and biomass of rotifers, cladecerans and copepods.

网箱养鳜同时减少了网箱周围的溶氧、底栖动物的种类数和生物量，但对水温、pH值、透明度、浮游植物种类、原生动物种类以及轮虫、枝角类和桡足类的种类和生物量影响较小。

"In human infection with BSE prions, species-barrier effects, which are characteristic of cross-species transmission, would be expected to further increase the mean and range of incubation periods, compared with recycling of prions within species," as was the case in kuru, the authors write.

人类感染BSE传染性蛋白质时，因为物种屏障效果的关系，会比单一物种间的感染增加潜伏期之平均期间；就如同kuru病案例一般；作者们指出，这些数据可以提供资讯给建立vCJD流行病学模式之用。

Moreover, because the mulberry is a cross-pollinated plant, it is hard to judge the relations among the species accurately because of the hard up for phylogenetic information in transition types formed in intra-species and inter-species hybridization, therefore, there is no satisfied classification method for Morns L..

因此，利用分子生物学技术研究桑属植物的系统与进化关系，有助于解决我国桑属植物分类中所存在的问题，对于桑树种质资源的分析、鉴定和利用、桑树的遗传育种都具有十分重要的意义。

In order to disclose the adaptive strategies and capacity of Potaninia mongolica Maxim, acquired during its evolution history, the whole response system, which was composed of individual morphology plasticity response, organs anatomy structure response, physiological function response of anti-arid and anti-hotness, activities of protective enzymes response, endogenous hormone adjustment response, sexual reproduction strategies response of seeding, dispreading, sprouting and renewing, asexual reproduction strategies response of clonal growth patterns, clonal growth architectures, clonal growth architectures plasticity, heterogeneous resources utilization strategies, endogenous hormone distribution in clonal organs, foraging behavior, risk-spreading, and resource sharing, individual density allocation patterns response, niche differentiation response, species connection response, allelopathy response and biodiversity components response of the plant was profoundly explored in this paper.The studies come to at least four important results:(1) Taking the sensitive response and evading strategy to adapt to environment stress, Potaninia mongolica Maxim is a successful species has lived through the long-term evolution. Nevertheless, it is narrow climate and soil niche and characteristic of vegetation reproduction which has made the plant a rare and endangered species.

本论文通过对绵刺环境胁迫下个体形态可塑性响应、器官解剖结构响应、抗旱性和抗热性生理功能响应、保护酶系统激活响应、内源激素调控响应，有性繁殖对策中结实、扩散、萌发、更新等生活史过程响应，无性繁殖对策中克隆生长格局响应、克隆生长构型响应、克隆生长构型可塑性响应、克隆生长构型与资源异质性响应、内源激素调控克隆生长构型响应、克隆器官结构与功能响应、觅食行为响应、风险分摊响应、资源共享响应，种群中格局配置响应、生态位分异响应，群落中种间关联、异株克生响应、生物多样性组成响应等内容进行研究，揭示绵刺在进化过程中的适应对策和适应能力，为绵刺保护提供理论依据。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。