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Mitochondrial gene fragments of COⅠ and Cyt b of 24 species in the subfamily Pierinae and Coliadinae were amplified and sequenced. Combing these with the homologous sequences of 2 species from GenBank and using 2 species of the Satyridae as the outgroups, the molecular phylogenetic trees of these groups were reconstructed with neighbor-joining and bayesian inference methods.

测定了粉蝶科的粉蝶亚科和黄粉蝶亚科14属共24种线粒体COⅠ和Cyt b基因部分序列，并从GenBank中下载了2种粉蝶的同源序列，以眼蝶科的2个物种为外类群，运用NJ法、贝叶斯法分别重建了分子系统树，探讨了它们的系统发生关系。

The occurrence of Pieris rapae was significantly lighter in autumn cabbage fields than in spring cabbage fields, but the occurrence of Lipaphis erysimi was relatively grave, which rose steadily during the investigation period from October 9 to November 5, until the cabbage was ripe. In 13 species of predatory enemies there were 3 species of predatory insects and 10 species of spiders.

但菜青虫的发生量较春季明显较轻；菜蚜发生较重，在10月9日至11月5日的整个(来源：Ae8BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)调查过程中是稳步上升，由于该年秋季气温较高雨水较少有利于菜蚜的发生，直到甘蓝成熟其发生量均较大。

In the 1920s Rensch, who like Mayr did field work in Indonesia, analyzed the geographic distribution of polytypic species and complexes of closely related species paying particular attention to how variations between different populations correlated with local environmental factors such as differences in climate. In 1947 Rensch would write a book, eventually translated into English under the title Evolution above the species level, that looked at how the same evolutionary mechanisms involved in speciation might be extended to explain the origins of the differences between the higher level taxa.

在二十世纪二十年代，像迈尔一样从事野外研究的任许在印度尼西亚分析了多型物种的地理分布以及近缘物种复合体系，特别注意了不同群体之间的变异是如何与当地的环境因素相关的。1947年，任许决定写一本书，这本书最终被译成英文，书名为《物种以上水平的进化》；该书研究了参与物种形成的同样的各种进化机制，如何被延伸用于解释更高层次分类单元的差异的起源。

Here, we took demonstration study of the ecological impacts of disconnection from the river on fish recources in Zhangdu Lake. Our results showed that:(1) Fishery mode changed and the rate of wild fishery production changed from 95% in 1949 to less than 5% in 2002.(2) Fish species have decreased from 80 in 1950s to 52 at present, and the rate of migrant and potamic species decreased from 50% in 1950s to 30% at present.(3) Comparing with the linking lake, Zhangdu Lake had higher fishing production, larger individual size, fewer species number and lower diversity index of "mihunzheng" fishery, a universal fishing tool in Yangtze.

我们以涨渡湖为例开展江湖阻隔后对单个湖泊鱼类资源所产生的生态影响进行研究，结果表明：江湖阻隔导致湖泊生产经营方式改变，使得野生渔业产量的比例由1949年的95%，降低到2002年的不足5%；江湖阻隔后湖泊鱼类种类由50年代约80种下降到现在的52种，其中，洄游性和流水型鱼类比重由50%下降至不足30%；迷魂阵渔获物在单位产量、个体大小上极显著(p 0.01)地高于通江湖泊，但在物种数和多样性指数上则要低得多(p 0.01)。

This paper studied water resource, plant and animal resource of Sanchahe area, assessemt the ecological environment quality and the ecosystem services value, and analyze the ecological suitability for founding the wetland park, the results were as followes:1. The plant species of Sanchahe area have been recorded 133, which belong to 48 families and 102 genera. Among them, 3 species of 3 families and 3 genera are pteridophyta, 1 species is gymmospermae.

本文调查研究了三汊河地区的水资源、动植物资源现状，评价湿地的生态环境质量，分析了湿地的生态系统服务功能类型和价值大小，对湿地公园用地的生态适宜性作出了分析，研究结果如下：1。

Therefore, we selected common species of Ranunculaceae. comparative primordial plants in Alpine Meadow at Eastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau, and studied the reproductive strategies, such as reproductive allocation, especially sex allocation, to understand how the plants adapt the environmental conditions. The results showed:(1) At higher altitude, the self-incompatible plant, such as Trollius ranunculoides tended to become limited by pollination rather than by nutrient availability, while the self-compatible plants, such as Anemone rivularis and A. obtusiloba seemed not to be limited by pollen availability, which suggested that ability of self pollination for alpine plants may be a mechanism of reproductive assurance.(2) Influences induced by high altitude on the reproduction of these species occurred on different reproductive characters, which suggest species-specific adaptive strategies. The influences are dependent on plant size to some extent.

因此，我们选择在青藏高原东部的高寒草甸，以比较原始的植物类群—毛茛科植物为研究对象，选择一些常见种探讨其繁殖对策，如繁殖分配和性分配问题，试图揭示这些植物如何适应环境条件，最后的结果表明： 1高寒草甸高海拔区，自交植物(如小花草玉梅A.rivularis和钝裂银莲花A.obtusiloba)的繁殖不受花粉限制，而完全异交植物(毛茛状金莲花T.ranunculoides)的繁殖受花粉限制，表明高海拔地区植物的白花授粉能力可能是一种繁殖保障机制，能够避免恶劣环境对植物有性繁殖的不利影响； 2海拔高度对植物的影响因种而异，不同的物种受影响的繁殖性状不同，即使同属亲缘种间也存在差异，表明不同物种对相似环境压力的适应对策不同；而且，海拔高度对植物的影响在一定程度上依赖于植物个体大小，说明植物通过调整其个体大小与繁殖性状的关系来适应环境梯度的变化； 3植物花期和果期的繁殖分配并不完全随海拔升高而减小(只有小花草玉梅的果期RA随海拔升高而减小30％)，与Iwasa和Cohen的预测不完全一致(他们认为繁殖分配随生长季缩短而减小)。

The results were as follows: 1 There were 7 133 trees, belonging to 23 species and 18 genera and 13 families, and their average DBH, crown and height were respectively 27.59 cm, 4.10 m and 6.94 m. In general their average crown was relative small. 2 S, H (Shannon-Wiener index), and D of biodiversity index were small, and there were the obvious difference in those indexes among different streets, which suggested that there were certain monotone of the tree species and structure layer. 3 The dominant species mainly consisted of evergreen trees that were Ficus virens var. sublanveolata, Ficus benjamina, Roystonea regia, Terminalia hainanensis, T.

结果表明：1梅州城区行道树共有13科18属23种7133株，其平均胸径、平均冠幅、平均树高分别为27.59cm，4.10m，6.94m，总体上看，平均冠幅偏小；2物种丰富度指数S、Shannon-Wiener指数H和Simpson指数D偏小且各道路间差异明显，说明各道路行道树存在一定程度的物种单一性、层次的单调性；3梅州市城区行道树优势树种是大叶榕、垂榕、大王椰子，次优势种为海南榄仁、阿珍榄仁、阴香，它们是梅州城市街道绿化的好树种。

It showed that the niche breadth and niche overlapping indexes of the enclosed grassland in 2007 are much lower than in 2006 as a whole; The niche breadth of Artemisia ordosica is bigger than other species in the region in 2002. In 2003, the dominant species were Artemisia ordosica and Salsola ruthenica. Their niche breadth indexes were 0.544 and 0.460 respectively. The results of niche overlapping in 2006 and 2007 also showed that the species with big niche breadth didn't always have big niche overlapping, and the niche breadth and niche overlapping did not have a positive direct linear relation.

结果表明：2007年封育区植物种的生态位宽度及种间的生态位重叠指数总体上较2006年有所降低；2006年黑沙蒿生态位宽度最大，达0.768，是06年封育区的优势种；2007年封育区的优势种为刺沙蓬和黑沙蒿，其生态位宽度值分别为0.544、0.460；2006年和2007的生态位重叠结果均表明，生态位宽度大的物种不一定和其他物种有大的重叠指数，较高的生态位宽度和较高的生态位重叠之间并不存在直接的线性关系；2006年、2007年较高的Pianka生态位重叠指数都出现在生态位宽度较小的物种之间。

In order to disclosure the formation rule of predominant species in different nutrition conditions,three kinds of nutrition concentration were selected for the competition experiments with the common species of blue-green algae bloom Microcystis aeruginosa and the common species of green algae bloom Scenedesmus quadricauda .

为了揭示不同营养条件下，藻类优势种的形成规律，选取了3种具有代表性水体的营养盐浓度，对于蓝藻水华的常见种铜绿微囊藻和绿藻水华的常见种四尾栅藻进行了竞争实验。

The species of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae ) in garden plants in Guangzhou and their hosts;2. Based on the study of species and hostplants of Sphingidae in Beijing,It is reported that there are 24 genus,38 species of SPhingidae distributing in this area,and indicates the existence of Langia zenzeroides szechuana in Beijing at the first time.

通过对北京地区天蛾的种类、数量及寄主植物的调查，首次报道北京地区共有天蛾24属38种及亚种，并且首次报道了川锯翅天蛾等种类在北京地区的分布，经调查，北京地区天蛾的寄主植物有27科，通过食性分析发现多食性种类占大多数。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。