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Amphibians recorded were 8 species in 5 families, and reptiles were 13 species in 8 families. Among these, Guenther's frog, Chinese cobra, and Taiwan banded krait are in the wildlife conservation species list of Taiwan.

其中陆栖哺乳类共5科11种，两生类5科8种，爬虫类8科13种，保育类野生动物有贡德氏赤蛙、眼镜蛇、雨伞节(Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus)等3种。

On the other hand,there has been so far no mapping method and software that can be used to map dominant-recessive markers obtained from F2 population of lepidopteran species.To resolve this problem,two-point and three-point maximum likelihood methods for mapping dominant-recessive markers using F2 population of this type of species were developed in this paper.At,the same time:we also gave a general method for constructing the gene linkage map of this type of species using F2 population.

另外，目前还没有任何方法和软件可以用杂交F2群体来作图鳞翅目类昆虫，如家蚕等连锁图谱，为了解决这一问题，本文发展了用F2群体作图这类昆虫连锁图谱的两点和三点极大似然法，同时还给出了大群体作图形态基因连锁图谱的一般方法。

Since the species quantity at the shrub, herb and liane in D is more than that in C, The Shannon-Wiener index and the species' evenness showed that human-caused disturbance affected much more to the species at upper communities and the tall trees were not recovered entirely in D.

群落各层次的Shannon-Wiener指数及其均匀度计算表明，人为干扰对群落上层物种多样性影响较大，D群落高大乔木待恢复。D群落经过多年封山育林，由于种类入侵和竞争，正在形成物种更为丰富的当地典型地带性植被类型。

This study deals with butterfly diversity and conservation of rare as well as insect fauna species in Baishuijiang Natural Reserve in Gansu Province. The research includes field investigation, observation at certain time and places, captive breeding in experimental area etc. Butterfly species diversity in Baishuijiang Natural Reserve and variation regulation of butterfly diversity in different areas are studied. The relationof butterfly diversity with environmental factors such as vegetation destruction, human disturbance are strenthened in Bifeng Gully. The biology of two rare butterfly species is studied. Meanwhile, this study deals with insect α-diversity and β-diversity in Baishuijiang Natural Reserve and inquire into the mechanisms of ecological control by protecting and recovering vegetation. The research includes field capture with sweeping net, light trap, transect investigation.

在甘肃省白水江自然保护区碧峰沟通过野外调查、定点定时观察、实验地饲养等研究了白水江自然保护区两种珍稀蝴蝶红基美凤蝶和巴黎碧凤蝶的生物学特性，在保护区范围内通过网捕采集研究了蝶类物种多样性和不同区域内蝶类多样性的变化规律；同时在碧峰沟四种不同生境中通过灯诱获得标本，研究了该地区不同生境中的昆虫种类组成及其多样性，分析了决定物种丰富度的关键因子，与蝶类多样性进行了比较分析，并提出了具体的保护措施。

The results showed that fishes of 11 orders, 18 families, and 46 species were represented in Changshu section of the Yangtze river. After the season, the total catch per unit effort increased sharply in the section; the dominant species were mainly commercial fishes such as Coilia ectenes, Mugil cephalus and Parabramis pekinensis and the annual change of dominant species was not obvious. The CPUE of Coilia ectenes had risen up and the trend of resource deterioration had been kept within limits. The caught rate of pintsized and juvenile fish rose markedly. The Margalef's index and Wilhm's index had an evident tendency of rising, while McNaughton's index and Pielou's index waved slightly.

研究结果表明：4~6月间常熟江段出现的鱼、虾、蟹类渔获物共有11目、18科、46种；春禁后，该江段总CPUE显著增加；优势种更替不明显，历年以刀鲚、鲻鱼、长春鳊等经济鱼类为主；刀鲚CPUE有所回升，资源衰退受到遏制；小型鱼类、幼鱼在渔获物中的比例明显上升； Margalef物种丰富度指数、Wilhm改进指数呈明显上升趋势，均匀度指数J′、优势度数Dw在窄幅范围波动。

The results showed that the total dissoluble proteins hands of 8% and 10% gel were 91 and 97, respectively, and the seed salt soluble proteins bands of 10% gel were 69; All of the five alfalfa species have their own characteristic bands, which are different in number, distribution, width, and concentration; Among three methods, the five species' seed dissoluble protein fingerprints of 10% gel' bands is relatively more, which genetic diversity scattered in A, B and C regions, and can be repeated in different experiments. So it's the best fingerprint. The fingerprints of the seed dissoluble proteins and seed salt soluble proteins of five species are unanimous, which showed that: the hybrid has the nearest genetic distance with Medico go sativa cv.

结果显示：5/个种10%和8%凝胶电泳的种子可溶性蛋白总带数分别为97和91， 10%凝胶电泳的种子盐溶蛋白共有69条谱带；5种苜蓿在种子可溶性蛋白和盐溶蛋白电泳图上都具有各自的特征谱带，谱带数目、位置、宽窄和颜色深浅都存在明显的差异；10%凝胶的可溶性蛋白指纹图谱谱带数目相对较多，种间遗传差异在A、B、C区均有分布，谱带的重复性好，是鉴别种的最好图谱。5种苜蓿种子可溶性蛋白和盐溶蛋白指纹图谱一致，表明杂交种和敖汉苜蓿的谱带相似性最大。

The oil cells are mainly distributed in the palisade tissue in the leaves of 47 species and in the spongy tissue in the leaves of 5 species, and dispersed in the whole mesophyll in the leaves of 31 species.

油细胞是木兰科植物叶片解剖的显著特征，在叶肉中的分布可划分为三种类型：油细胞主要分布于栅栏组织；主要分布于海绵组织；均匀散布于整个叶肉中。

The main results are given as follows: Up to now,West Lake is eutrophic based on physical and chemical factors and zoobenthos after ecological treatment engineering; The ecological engeering has a little effect on zoobenthos community strcture, and most of zoobenthos belong to eutrophic species and mollusca species was absent,surprisedly, two exotic species Nephthys oligobranchia and Limnoperna sp.

研究中主要的成果为：不论是理化指标还是底栖动物指标显示，实施生态治理工程后西湖仍属于富营养化湖泊，西湖属于V类甚至劣V类水体。

The results showed that exon 1 had the genotypes of AA, BB and CC, while intron 1 had the genotypes of DD, EE, FF and GG. There existed gene polymorphism in inter-species but not in intra-species. All the test species displayed genetic monomorphism and 100% of purity.

结果表明：外显子1有AA、BB和CC3种基因型，内含子1有DD、EE、FF和GG4种基因型；种间存在基因多态性，种内没有多态性，所有种均表现出遗传的单态性和100%的纯合度。

The rate of repetitive sequences was 2.55% and no SINEs, LINEs, LTR anti-transcription elements or DNA transposon elements were found, although one11 microsatellite was found. 2 In the P1 promotor region, sequence homology between the Tibetan sheep and mouflon, goat, cattle and European bison was 99.7%, 94.2%, 85.9% and 86.5%, respectively, while that for exon 1A was 99.0%, 97.0%, 92.7% and 94.6%, respectively. 3 The molecular phylogenetic tree among these species, constructed by the neighborhood joining method based on the sequences of no-coding region of the GHR genes, placed the two Bovinae species on one branch and the three Caprinae species on the other.

在该非编码序列中，重复序列所占比率为2.55%，不存在SINEs、LINEs、LTR类反转录元件和DNA转座子元件，而发现存在一11微卫星位点；(2)在启动子P1区，藏绵羊与摩弗伦羊、山羊、普通牛、欧洲野牛各物种间同源性大小分别为99.7%、94.2%、85.9%、86.5%；而在外显子1A区段，藏绵羊与摩弗伦羊、山羊、普通牛、欧洲野牛各物种间同源性大小分别为 99.0%、97.0%、92.7%、94.6%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。