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With the 39 species nrDNA ITS sequence from Genbank and by using nrDNA ITS sequence information of our study 31 species, a phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 70 species of Paphiopedilum, and then the results have been analyzed with the results from RAPD molecular marker of 30 species, indicated that, we supported Kirasawa's system proposed in 1982 on Paphiopedilum that this genus can be divided into six subgenera.

基于 ITS 序列的数据对兜兰属70个种的研究，结合 RAPD 对于中国兜兰30个种的研究结果进行分析，支持唐沢耕司（1982）所提出的将兜兰属分为6个亚属的观点，其中产于中国的兜兰属植物可以划分为5个亚属；认为巧花兜兰不能并入海伦兜兰中，最多可以作为其变种处理，或者独立成种，隶属于兜兰亚属的 Paphiopedilum 兜兰组；不支持将文山兜兰并入巨瓣兜兰或者同色兜兰中，可以作为是其变种处理，隶属于 Concoloria 组。

The sequences of segments of the trnL intron from 29 species and trnL-trnF IGS from 21 species of Magnoliaceae were analyzed. The results from the strict consensus trees were consistent with the former systems ① several species within the genera Michelia were homologious;② the subgenera Yulania was extremely homologious and much far from subgenera Magnolia;③ the species within Manglietia were highly conservative.

通过木兰科29个种的trnL基因内含子的525个碱基序列及21个种的trnL-trnF基因间隔区的370个碱基序列测定和分析，构建的严格一致性树建议：①含笑属为相对一致的单系类群；②玉兰亚属的几个种形成一个单系类群，与木兰亚属的几个种无共衍位点；③木莲属为个相对保守的类群，种间碱基差异很小。

The avenue planting of nine cities in Zhejiang has the following characters: 1. Avenue planting tree species are plenty; 2. Avenue planting benefits among the cities are not uniform and tree species used are various; 3. Tree species used for avenue planting are simple and landscape effects unideal; 4. Cultivated manner and stratal structure are simple, ecological benefits no good; 5. The tree species ratio, of evergreen with deciduous, of fast-growing with slow-growing, is out of proportion, and short-term...

通过对浙江省具代表性的9个主要城市行道绿化状况的调查分析，结果表明浙江省城市行道绿化具以下几个特点：①行道树种资源丰富；②城市之间绿化效果差异悬殊，所采用的绿化树种各有侧重；③绿化树种单一，色彩单调，景观效果差；④栽植配置方式单一，层次结构简单，生态效益差；⑤常绿树种与落叶树种、速生树种与慢生树种比例失调，近期效益考虑多，远期效益考虑少。

These species represent 13 extant species vegetatively present in the community which and 17 species of earlier, seral species.

种子库中有现存植物种子13种，群落演替前期各阶段产生的种子17种。

Based on the status of suburban forest of Harbin, 49 well-grown afforesting tree species including 32 species arbor, 16 species shrub and only 1 species vine which are mainly Pinus sylvestris var.

本论文根据树种选择的依据，针对城郊环境特点和城郊森林的功能需求等，以树种的特征、生态习性以及功能(生态功能、景观功能、经济功能)三大要素中的31项单因素指标为研究内容，针对不同林种的功能需求选择适宜的树种。

Leaf-feeders are the major onesJO species,35.71% of the insect pests community, Leaf-suckersare the second ones,6 species ,21.43% of the insect pests community,and insect pests of Coleoptera are the third ones,5 species ,17.86% of the insect pests community, and there are some Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera,Acarina pests. There are over 16 species of natural enemies from 12 Familias, 8 Ordos ,and 2 Classes.

其中，梨树害虫以鳞翅目Lepidoptera食叶性害虫最多，共10种，占35.71%；其次为同翅目Homoptera吸汁性害虫，共6种，占21.43%；第三大类为鞘翅目Coleoptera，共5种，占17.86%；往后是半翅目Hemiptera、膜翅目Hymenoptera、双翅目Diptera、蜱螨目Acarina的等。

The dominant species of pests is differential in the various seasons: Macrosiphum avenae and Rhophalsiphum padi is dominant species in spring, Delphacidae and Laphygma exigua is dominant species in summer, Helticus minutus and Acrididae is dominant species in autumn.

在害虫中，不同季节优势种不一样，春季的优势种是麦长管蚜和缢管蚜，夏季的优势种是灰飞虱和甜菜夜蛾，秋季的优势种是黑跳盲蝽和土蝗。

Clade Ⅰ consists of the species of Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae, Clade Ⅱ consists of the species of Pneumoridae, Clade Ⅲ consist of species of Pamphagidae and Clade Ⅳ contains species of Catantopidae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae and Acrididae.

三、在对斑翅蝗科系统发育的研究中，我们共测定了斑翅蝗科4亚科15种蝗虫的16S rDNA序列片段，并从GenBank中下载了斑翅蝗科6种、其它蝗科9种的16S rDNA相应序列片段，然后对这共计30种蝗总科昆虫的16S rDNA序列片段进行了同

Recorded 51 molluscal species in the intertidal zone along Qingdao coast , which belong to 3 classes 27 families. Among them thereare 2 species of Amphineura, 25 species of Gestropoda, 24 species of Lamellibranchia.

对青岛沿海潮间带的贝类资源进行了初步的调查和分析，共得标本51种，隶属于3纲、27科，其中，双神经纲2种，腹足纲25种，瓣鳃纲24种

There are 64 families, 114 genera and 198 species, including 7 families, 8 genera and 19 species of peridophyte, 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of gymnosperme, 55 families, 104 genera and 177 species of angiospermae.

结果表明：古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物种类十分丰富，计有维管束植物64科114属198种，其中蕨类植物7科8属19种，裸子植物2科2属2种，被子植物55科104属177种。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。