查询词典 SST

The conclusion of this article contains:(1) The climatology symmetric index and antisymmetric index which represent the uniform system of ocean and atmosphere is defined according to the unique kinetic character of the large-scale fluid. The symmetric mode, a state mode, and antisymmetric mode, a propagate westward mode, of ocean and atmosphere are distinguished clearly from each other. Also, the primary part which determines the symmetric mode emerges from non-divergenct wind and the dominant part which contributes to the antisymmetric mode mostly is irrotational wind. The article also compares the disparity of the climatology distribution of SST and sea surface wind field between 1948-1975 and 1976-2005. The SST of both the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific after 80's is warm than before 80's .

主要结论如下：(1)热带太平洋气候平均态所包含的海-气相互作用的资料分析根据海洋和大气的运动特性，定义了表征海洋大气系统的对称模态和反对称模态指数，通过两个指数对热带太平洋和印度洋关于赤道对称和反对称的两个模态进行区分，发现关于赤道反对称的海-气耦合模态主要包含了大气散度分量和海洋SST的相互作用；关于赤道对称的海-气耦合模态主要包含了大气旋度分量和海洋SST的相互作用，并从资料估算了该耦合模态向西传播的速度。

The lag correlation indicates that the eastern Pacific SST in winter correlates with the WPSH anomaly two or three months later to the highest degree; the SST in the tropical Indian Ocean and the WPSH anomaly in the corresponding period significantly correlates with each other in winter; and the SST in the western Pacific in winter and spring negatively correlates to the WPSH anomaly in the corresponding period.

选取各关键海区分析海温与西太副高在不同时段上的超前滞后相关，结果表明，冬季东太平洋海温与滞后其2—3个月的副高异常达最大正相关，热带印度洋海温异常与冬季同期副高异常的正相关最显著；西太平洋海温在冬春季与同期的副高负相关最显著；北太平洋海温在冬春季滞后副高1—2个月时存在负相关，大西洋暖池区6月与西太副高的同期正相关最大；对南太平洋来说，冬季的西太副高与从前秋到春季的SST都存在最大负相关。

Based on weekly mean OISST, pentad averaged OLR and daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the intraseasonal variability of SST in the SCS is examined by using lag correlation analysis and composite analysis, respectively.

本文使用1982-1997年OISST周平均格点资料、OLR侯平均资料以及NCEP／NCAR再分析日平均资料集中的海表热通量、850 hPa风场以及海平面气压场等资料，采用不同的谱分析方法确认了南海全区SST季节内变化（30-90天）的存在性，并通过相关分析以及位相合成技术，分别研究了夏季风期间与冬季风期间南海SST季节内变化的基本特征和形成机制。

The results show that corresponding to the positive / negative phase of interdecadal modes of the North Pacific SST, the anomalous patterns of the atmospheric circulation and climate in positive phase are opposite to that in negative phase, it indicates an important impact of these interdec...

其结果极为清楚地表明，对应北太平洋SST的年代际模的正、负位相，大气环流和气候异常的形势都近乎相反，充分说明SST年代际模的重要作用；由于北太平洋SST的两个年代际模有十分相近的水平结构特征，它们对大气环流和气候的影响也有十分相似的特征；北太平洋海温年代际模对大气环流的影响在中高纬度地区呈正压结构特征，而在热带地区的响应主要有斜压结构特征。

Possible impacts of the tripolar SST anomalies on the decadal scale variability of the North Atlantic climate are also discussed. The dominant mod e of the North Atlantic wintertime SST variability exhibits a meridional tri-polar pattern, with a colder subpolar region, a warmer midlatitudes, and a colder region between the equator and 30°N. Validations on the model performance show that the BCM reproduces the observed NAO pattern and the tri-polar like SST vari ability mode successfully.

北大西洋冬季SST的主导变率模态，在经向上表现为三核型，自北而南出现"-＋-"的带状距平型；最大距平中心位于副极地大洋、中纬度大洋的西部以及热带海域，耦合模式较为真实地再现了这一特征。

The monthly variations in Sr/Ca ratio of the Porites coral from Eastern Hainan Island have been studied using the ICP-AES technique.On the basis of the correlation analysis between Sr/Ca values and SST values measured from the Meteorological Station,a thermometer has been set up as a formula of SST=170-16,n=133,r=0.80,p=0.01,which is similar to the formula of SST=169-16.7 for Xisha waters.

文章采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱的方法测定了1986~1996年海南岛东部海域滨珊瑚的Sr/Ca比值，建立了该海域月分辨率的Sr/Ca海水表面温度计方程：SST=170-16，n=133，r=0.80，p=0.01，此与韦刚健等在西沙海域建立的温度计方程：SST=169-16.7一致，这表明南海中、北部海域也出现有相似的微量元素温度计。

Possible impacts of the tripolar SST anomalies on the decadal scale variability of the North Atlantic climate are also discussed. The dominant mod e of the North Atlantic wintertime SST variability exhibits a meridional tri-polar pattern, with a colder subpolar region, a warmer midlatitudes, and a colder region between the equator and 30°N. Validations on the model performance show that the BCM reproduces the observed NAO pattern and the tri-polar like SST vari ability mode successfully.

北大西洋冬季SST的主导变率模态，在经向上表现为三核型，自北而南出现&-＋-&的带状距平型；最大距平中心位于副极地大洋、中纬度大洋的西部以及热带海域，耦合模式较为真实地再现了这一特征。

The tripolar structure SST anomalies over the North Atlantic, which also appears at the interannual scale with a spectral peak at 3—4 years, are mainly resulted from the barotropic driving of the NAO like atmospheric forcing, and thermal process plays a dominantrole in this process. When the NAO is strong, the westerly weakens over the midlat itudes; both the sensible and the latent heat flux release from the ocean tend to decrease, which warms the ocean and leads to positive SST anomalies. Over the sub polar region including the Labrador Sea, a stronger NAO is associated with a deeper Icelandic Low; the high latitudes originated colder air then blows over the ocean surface, the air-sea temperature difference become larger, and the se n sible heat flux loss from the ocean increases, which subsequently leads to colder SST anomalies.

分析表明，模式中三核型SST异常的产生，主要来自大气的强迫，NAO增强，中纬度大洋上的西风减弱，海洋感热和潜热通量损失减少，中纬度大洋得到的净热通量增加，导致SST出现正距平；在包括Labrador 海在内的副极地大洋，NAO增强、冰岛低压加深，气旋性环流增强，来自高纬度的冷空气吹过洋面，海气温差加大，大洋的感热通量损失增加，SST降低。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

We also used the latent heat daily data、sensible heat daily data、relative humidity data and OLR daily data from NCEP-DOE Reanalysis2 which formed as 2.5-degree latitude x 2.5-degree longitude global grid with 144x73 points(1982～2005). The data of subtropic high ridge offered by Bational Climate Center . With singular value decomposition analysis, we studied key region of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the mid-latitudes in the Pacific. Second, by using wavelet analysis to study the character of the key regions of SST.Moreover the correlation analysis can help us to understand the reason of the cold water formed and the physical process of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the mid-latitudes in the Pacific. There are three mostly SVD modes which contribution reach to 70%,So the three mostly modes can reflect the mostly structure in the key region.

采用奇异值分解方法对1982～2005年逐候SSTA场和500hPa位势高度场进行同期、大气超前海洋、大气滞后海洋的分析，确定中纬度西北太平洋海气相互作用的关键区；利用小波分析对关键区海温和副高脊线进行周期分析，深入了解研究区域海温和副高脊线的年际、年代际变化特征；通过关键区海温与500hPa位势高度距平场的相关分析，研究中纬度西北太平洋SST异常与副高位置异常的关系；针对2005年夏季关键区SST异常与副高脊线位置异常开展海气相互作用物理量分析和大气环流分析，探讨关键区SST异常对副高位置异常的可能影响过程。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。