查询词典 Ph.D.

The phenolic acid content of litter was significantly reduced with the decomposition time prolonging, and the releasing quantity of phenolic acid was the highest at the tenth day. The amounts of soil Aerobic azotobacter, Ammonifier and Aerobic cellulose-decomposer and the soil chemical properties such as pH, phenolic acid content, NH+4-N and available phosphorus were significantly affected by the litter aqueous extract of four decomposition stages.

凋落物分解的60 d中，凋落物残留量在前30 d内变化最大，30 d后无显著变化；凋落物中酚酸含量随分解时间的延长，呈显著降低的趋势，且在分解10 d时，酚酸释放量最大。4个分解动态的凋落物浸提液显著地改变了土壤好气性自生固氮菌、氨化细菌、好气性纤维素分解菌的数量和土壤pH值、酚酸含量、铵态氮、有效磷等化学性质。

And the optimum pH was 4-6 for the dechlorination reaction of 2,4-D, and pH between 2 and 8 were all suited for the reaction in Pd/Fe systems. Intermediate and final products of 2,4-D, HCH and chlordane with Pd/Fe were determined by GC/MS, and the possible dechlorination pathways were concluded: 2,4-D can be converted to phenoxyacetic acid through gradual hydrogenolysis, and HCH can be transformed to cyclohexatriene through dichloroelimination or dehydrochlorination.

通过GC/MS定性定量分析了三种目标污染物在Pd/Fe体系中发生还原脱氯反应过程中的反应物及最终产物，并根据反应产物推测分析了这三种有机污染物在催化还原反应体系中可能的反应途径：2，4-D主要通过逐级氢解最终生成彻底脱氯产物苯氧乙酸；而六六六则可能通过逐步双氯消除反应或脱氯化氢反应，最后生成环己三烯。

Isolation, purification and characteristics of D-hydantoinase were carried out. The experiment results showed that the optimal pH and temperature of pure D-hydantoinase were pH 8. 5 and 35℃, respectively. D-hydantoinase activity could be increased significantly by Mn〓 and Fe〓. Substrate specificity of D-hydantoinase on various hydantoin derivatives showed the optimal substrate of D-hydantoinase was 5-phenylhydantoin, but hydantoin, 5-methylthioehylhydantoin, 5-hydroxyphenylhydantoin, 5-methylhydantoin, 5-benzylhydantoin could also be hydrolyzed by D-hydantoinase.

本文还进行了海因酶的分离纯化及性质研究，发现酶的最适反应温度为35℃，最适pH为8.5，金属离子Mn〓和Fe〓能显著提高D-海因酶活力。D-海因酶的特异性实验表明，D-海因酶的最适底物为D，L-苯海因，其次为海因，D，L-对羟基苯海因和D，L-甲硫乙基海因，对D，L-甲基海因和D，L-苯甲基海因也有一定的作用。

The results indicate that the synthesized sphene has a good chemical durability in the aqueous solution whose pH value is 5-9, the temperature and pH of the solution have important influences to its chemical durability in 1-21 days.

结果表明，在pH为5~9的水溶液中，合成榍石具有良好的化学稳定性，温度和pH是影响1~21 d化学稳定性的重要因素；42 d Ca(上标 2+)的浸出率比Ti(上标 4+)的浸出率高2个数量级；在90℃、pH=7下，Ca(上标 2+)和Ti(上标 4+)的42d归一化浸出率分别为3.33×10^(-3)、1.33×10^(-5)gm^(-2)d^(-1)；在25℃、pH=7下，Ca(上标 2+)和Ti(上标 2+)的42d归一化浸出率分别为1.52×10^(-3)、3.05×10^(-5)m^(-2)d^(-1)；在25℃、pH=3下，Ca(上标 2+)的42d归一化浸出率达到7.71×10^(-2)gm^(-2)d^(-1)。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

A boiler water controlling system with basifier a mg/L Na3PO4+b mg/L NH3+c mg/L NaOH is investigate in the paper. Several calculate methods are discussed and the precision pH value calculating equation is proposed for a cycle chemistry system that has seven changing parameters coexisting together, i. e. a mg/L Na3PO4+b mg/L NH3+c mg/L NaOH+d mg/L H2SO4+e mg/L CH3COOH+f mg/L CO2+g mg/L SiO2. As an example of equilibrium phosphate treatment, the pH value are obtained and showed in graphics with the four kinds of impurity changing from 0 to 1.0 mg/L. The calculating results can be used in practical boiler water pH value control.

对于一个采用a mg/L Na3PO4+b mg/L NH3+c mg/L NaoH碱化剂的炉水控制体系，主要讨论在炉水中存在d mg/L H2SO4+e mg/L CH3COOH+f mg/L CO2+g mg/ L SiO2 4种杂质时炉水pH值的计算方法，得到通用的pH值计算表达式；并以炉水平衡磷酸盐处理工况为例，计算这4种杂质在0-1 mg/L变化时，其单独或联合作用对炉水pH值的具体影响程度，以6幅图形展示计算结果，该结果可应用于炉水pH值的实际控制。

The experimental results suggested that there were some rules during the fermentation as follows: pit temperature increased rapidly and then dropped at the beginning of the fermentation and kept stable eventually at 20～22 ℃; there was slight change in yellow water pH value at first and then pH value decreased gradually in middle fermentation stage and finally kept stable; the change rules of total acids of yellow water were opposite to pH change rules; the reducing sugar of yellow water increased at first and then dropped and kept stable eventually; there was almost no change in alcohol content of yellow water in prior fermentation period, and then it increased rapidly and dropped slowly and finally kept stable; gas production rate was as high as 550 L/d within the first week in fermentation and then dropped undulatingly and changed to zero or even negative gas production rate.

窖池温度在发酵前几天迅速升高，然后下降，最后趋于稳定，保持在20～22 ℃；黄水pH开始变化不大，中间逐渐下降，最后趋于稳定；黄水的总酸变化与pH相反；黄水中还原糖先升高后下降，最后基本保持稳定；黄水中酒精含量在发酵前期变化不大，后期先是迅速升高，然后缓慢下降，最后趋于稳定；在发酵前期一周内，产气量很大，最高达550 L/d；之后产气量呈波动式下降并逐渐平稳，最后趋于零甚至负产气量。

The results showed that different topping frequency (at intervals of 15 d, 30 d, 60 d, 90 d) had no evident influence on total wine loss, volatile acid content, T-SO2,F-SO2, wine colour, and wine pH values. Under constant temperature and humidity conditions, total wine loss was closely correlated with the using degree of Chinese barrel and the storage time in Chinese barrel. Volatile acid content slightly rose along with wine storage time. The content of SO2 dropped rapidly during 15 d after wine filling, but dropped tardily ever since. Wine colority rose remarkably during 15 d after wine filling, but climbed tardily ever since. Wine colority change was unstable, it changed wavily and depressed on the whole. In conclusion, it was recommended that the best topping interval was 90 d.

结果表明，橡木桶15 d、30 d、60 d、90 d添桶间隔对红葡萄酒的酒液损失总量、挥发酸含量、T-SO2、F-SO2、颜色、pH值无显著影响；在恒温恒湿的条件下，红葡萄酒的酒液损失总量与橡木桶的新旧程度、桶贮时间密切相关；随桶贮时间延长，葡萄酒中挥发酸略有上升；葡萄酒入桶后15 d内SO2含量急剧下降，以后则缓慢下降；葡萄酒入桶后15 d内色度显著上升，但随后变化平缓，总的趋势是随桶贮时间延长色度缓慢上升；葡萄酒的色调变化不稳定，呈波浪式变化，总的趋势是降低；建议中国橡木桶桶贮红葡萄酒的添桶间隔为90 d。

When the influent pH was controlled between 7.5 and 8.0, the maximum sulfide and nitrate removal loading rate were 2.96 kg·(m3·d)-1 and 0.47 kg·(m3·d)-1, respectively.The basifying reaction and remnant sulfide led to increasing pH values that were finally beyond the bacteria toleration and caused process instability at high loading rates.

控制进水pH在7.5～8.0之间，反应器的最大容积硫化物和硝酸盐去除速率分别为2.96 kg·(m3·d)-1和0.47 kg·(m3·d)-1（分别以硫元素、氮元素计），反应过程产碱及残留硫化物，均会导致反应液pH值过高（9.11±0.38），引发高负荷时工艺失稳。

The results showed as following: NMB was suitable for the callus induction, and MS for differentiation.500 mg/L of Glu or Arg redounded to the callus induction.All the cultures were kept under dark, 25-28 ℃, pH 5.8 for callus induction; and 25-28 ℃, 1 500-2 000 lx,12-14 h/d,pH 5.8 for differentiation.6-BA shows a significant result on the growth of callus;The optimal concentration of hygromycin is 50 mg/L.

结果表明：NMB培养基适合水稻成熟胚盾片愈伤组织诱导，MS培养基适合愈伤分化；500 mg/L谷氨酰胺或精氨酸有利于愈伤组织的形成；培养条件：愈伤组织诱导时温度25～28 ℃，暗培养，pH 5.8；分化时温度25～28 ℃，光照1 500～2 000 lx，12～14 h/d，pH 5.8；6-BA对继代过程中愈伤组织的生长有促进作用；潮霉素筛选的最佳浓度为50 mg/L。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。