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Nitrosobacteria was selectively cultivated on the biofilm and short-cut nitrification was achieved in 4 weeks by controlling the following conditions as HRT=1 d, DO=0.5—1.0 mg·L-1, pH of about 7.5, T =30℃ and no sludge recycle.

结果表明，在控制HRT=1 d、温度30℃、DO=0.5～1.0 mg·L-1、pH=7.5左右、无污泥回流等条件下，经过4周的运行，成功地选择培养出亚硝化型生物膜，实现了短程硝化。

Finally, the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the oxamido-bridged binuclear complexes were studied in vitro.. This dissertation consists of three sections as follows:1. The crystal structure of a oxamide dinitrate,(1) [H_4dmaeoxd](NO_3)_2 H_2dmaeoxd = N,N\'-bis[2-ethyloxamide, has been obtained. The diversity of complexes with different structures is carried out by successful synthetic strategy of controlling species of metal ions, counter anions, pH values and solvents in the course of synthesis. Four dinuclear complexes bridged by trans-dmaeoxd2-: [Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (2), [Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (3),、[Cu_2(Me_2phen)_2](ClO_4)_2 (4), [Cu_2_2(H_2O)_2] (5); Four dinuclear complexes bridged by cis-dmaeoxd2-: [NiNi_2](ClO_4)_2 (6), [CuNi_2](ClO_4)_2·2CH_3OH (7), [CuZn_2]-(ClO_4)_2·2H_2O (8), [Cu(H_2O)Ni_2](ClO_4)_2.0.5CH_3OH (9); three 1-D polynuclear complexes: [Cu_2]_n·nH_2O (10), [Cu_2(H_2O)_2-]_n·4nH_2O (11), [Cu_2(H_2O)]_n(NO_3)_n·2nH_2O (12); one 2-D polynuclear complex,[Cu_6_3(μ_3-OH)_2(H_2O)_2]_n(ClO_4)_(4n).2nH_2O (13); the others: [VO(H_2O)]·2H_2O (14), [Zn_2_4](ClO_4)_2·H_2O (15), [Cu_2]·2DCM (16) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectra.

本论文主要包括以下三部分：一、合成得到了一个草酰胺配体硝酸盐的单晶结构，[H_4dmaeoxd](NO_3)_2 (1)；通过调控金属离子的种类、端基配体、抗衡阴离子、溶剂、pH值等条件定向合成了四个反式草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物：[Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (2)、[Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (3)、、[Cu_2(Me_2phen)_2](ClO_4)_2 (4)、[Cu_2_2(H_2O)_2] (5)；四个顺式草酰胺桥联同/异双核配合物：[NiNi_2](ClO_4)_2 (6)、[CuNi_2](ClO_4)_2·2CH_3OH (7)、[CuZn_2]-(ClO_4)_2·2H_2O (8)、[Cu(H_2O)Ni_2](ClO_4)_2.0.5CH_3OH (9)；三个一维聚合物： [Cu_2]_n·nH_2O (10)、[Cu_2(H_2O)_2-]_n·4nH_2O (11)、[Cu_2(H_2O)]_n(NO_3)_n·2nH_2O (12)；一个二维聚合物： [Cu_6_3(μ_3-OH)_2(H_2O)_2]_n(ClO_4)_(4n)。2nH_2O (13)；单核钒配合物[VO(H_2O)]·2H_2O (14)、草酸根桥联双核锌配合物[Zn_2_4](ClO_4)_2·H_2O (15)、美洛西康铜配合物[Cu_2]·2DCM (16)，利用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、电子光谱和单晶X-射线衍射对上述所得化合物进行了结构表征，探讨了结构影响因素，并研究了其超分子结构。

If th e actual valu e of pCO2,[ HCO3-],or pH is only slightly( e .g.,2 to 4 units)diff e r e nt than th e e xp e ct e d valu e , it is r e asonabl e to qu e stion wh e th e r a mix e d disord e r in fact e xists.

如果Pco2、[HCO3-]或PH的实际值与预期值有轻微差别（即，2～4个单位），有理由怀疑是否确实存在混合性酸碱平衡紊乱。

Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100054, ChinaAbstract: A reversedphase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of caffeine, dapsone and chlorzoxazone. The operation was carried out on a C18 column (250 mmX4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrilephosphate buffer including 0.02 mol/L KH2PO4 and 0.02 mol/L (C2H53N, pH 6.5(25:75 in volume ratio).

用反相高效液相色谱同时测定血清中咖啡因、氨苯砜、氯唑沙宗探针药物的质量浓度，以乙腈磷酸盐缓冲体系(含 0.02 mol/L的磷酸二氢钾和0.02 mol/L的三乙胺，pH 6.5)(体积比为25：75)为流动相，以安替比林为内标，经C18柱(250 mmX4.6 mm i.d。， 5.0 μm)分离，紫外检测器检测，使3种探针药物得到较好的分离，并且在有效血药浓度范围内线性良好。

Brix pear juice was treated with FPC-21 resin to reduce the pH value to 4.05, then treated with XAD-16 resin to rise color value (T 440) up to 85%, and concentrated to 70 °Brix. The color value of PJC is over 45% after storing at 37℃ for 35 d, which can meet the export regulation.

采用阳离子树脂处理将酥梨汁的pH值降低为4.05，再经吸附树脂将色值提高为85%，浓缩至70 °Brix的酥梨汁在37℃下贮存35 d后，色值仍大于45%，符合出口要求。

It was found that the highest PAO activities in embryonic axes and radicles of the peanut seedlings occurred in day 4 and day 5 respectively after germination in dark. Additionally, the extraction medium of peanut PAO was 0.1 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline （pH 7.0）, containing 0.5 mol/L NaCl and 1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone.

结果表明：黑暗条件下萌发的花生幼苗，其胚根和胚轴的PAO活性分别在萌发后的第4 d和第5 d出现一个峰值；含1 % PVP和0.5 M NaCl的磷酸缓冲液（0.1 mol/L，pH 7.0）用作花生PAO分离提取液可得到较好的提取效果。

It was found that the highest PAO activities in embryonic axes and radicles of the peanut seedlings occurred in day 4 and day 5 respectively after germination in dark. Additionally, the extraction medium of peanut PAO was 0.1 molL phosphate-buffered saline （pH 7.0）, containing 0.5 molL NaCl and 1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone.

结果表明：黑暗条件下萌发的花生幼苗，其胚根和胚轴的PAO活性分别在萌发后的第4 d和第5 d出现一个峰值；含1 % PVP和0.5 M NaCl的磷酸缓冲液（0.1 molL，pH 7.0）用作花生PAO分离提取液可得到较好的提取效果。

Niu Dongxiao, male, born in October 1962, Ph.D., professor, vice-dean and vice-director of school of Business Administration, supervisor of Ph.D. students.

牛东晓，男，1962年10月生，博士，现任工商管理学院常务副院长兼经济管理系常务副主任，博士生导师，教授，享受国务院政府特殊津贴。

The MnO2 nanosheet colloid suspension was poured into an arginine solution of pH＝4.0～11.0 followed by stirring for 2 d, then arginine intercalated layered manganese oxide nanocomposite with a basal spacing of 1.49 nm was prepared by a delamination/reassembling process.

剥离的MnO2纳米层胶体分散液在pH＝4.0～11.0的精氨酸溶液中搅拌2 d，得到了层间距为1.49 nm的精氨酸插层氧化锰纳米结构材料。

It was concluded that the optimized experiment conditions were coal particle size .074 mm, pulp density 10%, initial pH 2.5, cell inoculation amount 10%, microwave irradiation time 3 min, desulfurization cycle 4 d, temperature 30℃, rotation speed of rocking bed 160 r/min, the desulfurization rate of total sulfur reached 51.3%.

在煤样粒径为 200 目（＜0.074 mm）、煤浆浓度为 10％、初始 pH 为 2.5、菌体接种量为10%、微波辐照时间3 min、脱硫周期4 d、温度30℃、摇床转速为 160 r/min条件下，微波预处理和微生物联合作用对煤炭中全硫的脱除率可达51.3%。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。