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Thereinto, the sea-ice extent of Weddell Sea and Ross Sea regions extends and area increases, while the sea-ice extent of the other three regions shrinks and area decreases.

南极海冰时空变化特征的研究对进一步认识南极地区海冰气相互作用的物理过程，讨论南极海冰变异与大气环流和天气气候的关系有重要意义

The result shows that air temperature variation at the peninsular can be a good reflection of the Antarctic sea ice oscillations, which means a negative correlation between air temperature and sea ice anomaly near Antarctic Peninsular; a positive correlation between air temperature of Antarctic Peninsular and the sea ice anomaly at Ross Sea.

结果表明，南极半岛地区的气温变化可以反映南极海冰涛动的变化特征：气温距平和南极半岛附近海冰距平存在密切的负相关，和罗斯海外围区域的海冰距平存在正相关关系，能够较好地反映出南极半岛气温与南极海冰涛动以及ENSO之间的紧密联系。

The maximum and the maximal variation of sea ice appear in Weddell Sea and Ross sea, while the minimum and the minimal variation of sea-ice appear inAntarctic Peninsula.

南极海冰最多和最少期分别出现在 9月和 2月；威德尔海和罗斯海地区海冰最多、变化最大，南极半岛地区海冰最少，变化也小；近 35年来环南极地区的海冰有明显的减少趋势。

Ross Sea region is the crucial region where its proceeding sea ice variations in September show significant relation with the following June rainfall in Northeast China. If the sea ice of this crucial region in September is in heavy ice condition, the precipitation in Northeast China in the next June tends to be deficit. Weddell Sea region is the key region for summer temperature in Northeast China.

Ross海区是影响我国夏季东北地区降水的海冰关键区，若该区上一年9月海冰偏多，则来年6月我国东北降水偏少；Weddell海区是影响我国夏季东北温度的海冰关键区，若该区上一年9月海冰偏多，则来年6月我国东北温度偏低。

Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.

在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上，对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究，结果如下：(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明，气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质；而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系；在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量，并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大，对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用；通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年，并且从20世纪40年代起，海冰的体积输送有增加趋势；北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节，冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势；相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度；(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究，在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用，结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征；多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点，模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流，还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响，并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响；(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。

In the northeast part of the South China Sea the high salinity water comes from the Philippine Sea, therefore, biologic productivity was high and there was rich organic matter in sediments during the periods of oxygen-isotopes 2, 4 and 6. In these periods the sedimentation rate was very high, so there were very good material conditions for formation of gas hydrate. In addition, from the end of Miocene to present, the Philippine Sea plate collided with Asian plate in Taiwan area, extruding the northeast part of the South China Sea along northwest direction. The extruding force made fluid in the sediments very active, and this is very good for the formation of gas hydrate.

南海冻北部，在氧同位素2、4、6期，由于菲律宾海的高盐度海水的注入，使这里的生物生产率特别高，陆坡上沉积了丰富的有机物质，加上此期间该处的沉积速率高，为天然气水合物的生成提供了物质条件；另外，自中新世末以来，由于菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块在台湾地区发生碰撞，对南海北部产生北西向挤压，加快了流体在沉积物中的活动，为天然气水合物的生成提供了良好的构造环境。

Pb isotope values of Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea are within the scope of northern Pacific"s, and closing to lead isotope average of Lena River"s in eastern Siberia flowing into the Laptev Sea,and north Pacific especially impact on the Bering Sea.(6)Lower ?

楚科奇海和白令海铅同位素值在太平洋北部铅同位素值变化范围之内，并且与流入北极拉普捷夫海的西伯利亚东部勒拿河铅同位素平均值接近，太平洋北部尤以对白令海的影响更为明显。

Pb isotope values of Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea are within the scope of northern Pacific\'s, and closing to lead isotope average of Lena River\'s in eastern Siberia flowing into the Laptev Sea,and north Pacific especially impact on the Bering Sea.(6)Lower ?

楚科奇海和白令海铅同位素值在太平洋北部铅同位素值变化范围之内，并且与流进北极拉普捷夫海的西伯利亚东部勒拿河铅同位素均匀值接近，太平洋北部尤以对白令海的影响更为明显。

Some people grow up in the river, some people living in the central mountain city, some people have unusual interest of military, and some people are want to be writers, and some people readed, some people know how to weave, and some people know Stendhal, and some people is Sisters , also someone like record with language, have a lot of people is stubborn to the extreme.

有些人在河边长大，有些人住在山城中央，有些人对军事有着异常的兴趣，有些人是想当作家，有些人看书，有些人懂得编织，有些人知道司汤达，而有些人是姐姐，也有些人喜欢文字记录，有很多人固执的要命。

A the term "China" means the People's Republic of China; when used in geographical sense, means all the territory of the People's Republic of China, including its territorial sea, in which the Chinese laws relating to taxation apply, and any area beyond its territorial sea, within which the People's Republic of China has sovereign rights of exploration for and exploitation of resources of the sea-bed and its sub-soil and superjacent water resources in accordance with international law

&中国&一语是指中华人民共和国。用于地理概念时，是指实施有关中国税收法律的所有中华人民共和国领土，包括领海，以及根据国际法，中华人民共和国拥有勘探和开发海底和底土资源以及海底以上水域资源的主权权利的领海以外的区域

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"