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The dissertation focuses on performance gradient estimation and SRO algorithm of DES aswell as other related topics,such as modeling of DES and discrete event simulation,performancemeasure Hessian matrix estimation,Stochastic Approximationand so on.General Semi-Markov Processis adapted to describe behaviour of DES and discrete eventsimulation.A general result is obtained and applied to analyze strong consistency of performancegradient Perturbation Analysisestimator.Conditions for effectiveness of InfinitesimalPerturbation Analysisare also discussed.New PA algorithms,such as server PA,PA usingDirac generalized function,job sequence PA etc.,are proposed to deal with discreteparameters.Furthermore,strategies of combining PA algorithms with certain iterative rules areanalyzed widely in order to optimize DES parameters and some SRO algorithms are constructed toslove DES optimization problems.

论文将DES性能分析领域中性能梯度估计和单运行仿真优化作为主要的研究对象，探讨了与性能梯度估计有关的DES和离散事件仿真过程建模、高阶导数估计以及随机逼近等理论和方法；建立了具有一般性的DES和离散事件仿真的广义半Markov过程模型；获得了分析性能梯度估计量强相合性的理论结果和无穷小摄动分析算法应用的条件；提出了诸如服务台数目的摄动分析、奇异摄动分析、串联生产线和加工车间中工件加工序的摄动分析等一系列摄动的思想和算法，对连续参数和离散参数都进行了深入的研究；对摄动分析算法同优化规则结合实现仿真优化的策略也进行了广泛的分析，构造了新型的变界截尾的随机逼近算法，并用于DES的单运行仿真优化研究；最后，给出了DES性能分析方法的实证性研究结果。

After amputation, the expression of desmin appears first in the distal end epidermis and the peritoneum 4 d PA. The expression in the peritoneum lasts to the 14 d PA when expression of desmin appears in the musculature, while that in the distal end epidermis only lasts to the 8 d PA when the connective tissue below begins to express desmin. Moreover, from the 4 d PA, musculature and epidermis of the tube foot begin to express desmin and the expressions last to the 20 d PA. From 8-14 d PA, musculature of the ambulacral plate expresses myogenin and the peritoneum also expresses myogenin from 14-20 d PA. All these results indicate that precursor cells for muscle regeneration in adult starfish A.rollestoni are mainly from the distal end epidermis and the parietal peritoneum.

创伤后第4 d，顶端表皮层及体腔上皮中首先出现了desmin表达，体腔上皮中desmin的表达一直持续到第14 d，此时其上方的肌肉组织中也出现了desmin表达；而顶端表皮层中desmin的表达仅持续到第8 d，同时其下方的结缔组织也开始表达desmin；此外，从第4 d起，管足肌肉及管足表皮层开始表达myogenin，且该表达一直持续到创伤后的第20 d；而第8 d起，步带板肌肉也出现了myogenin的表达，此表达一直持续到第14 d；从第14 d起，体腔上皮也出现myogenin表达，且一直持续到第20 d。

The spectrum analysis shows that ① Infrasonic waves produced by meteor are mostly very short, lasting one to five minutes;②Periods of the infrasonic waves range mostly from 40 to 408 seconds, and a few waves range from 40 to 480 seconds;③ During 7:21 p.m. to 8:41 p.m. on Nov. 17, the infrasonic waves were much denser. After 8:41 p.m., the waves become more and more sparse, all waves conform to those observed with naked eyes;④ Amplitudes of infrasonic waves from meteor differ significantly from each other (weaker ones below 5 to 10 Pa, medium ones from 10 to 20 Pa, and stronger ones from 20 to 40 Pa). Two of the strongest ones reach 75 Pa and 50 Pa respectively around 7:28 p.m. and 8:07 p.m. on Nov. 17. An explanation of above results is given.

频谱分析结果表明：①各流星产生的次声波大都很短暂，持续时间为1~5min；②流星次声波的周期大都在40~408s；③在1998年11月17日19：21-20：41期间流星次声波仍很密集，20：41后才变得越来越稀疏，恰与肉眼观测结果相符；④流星次声波的振幅彼此相差很大，较弱的在5~10Pa，中等的在10~20Pa，较强的在20~40Pa，最强的两个波在11月17日19：28和20：07前后分别达到75Pa和50Pa。

Company uphold: Quality first, service first, reputation first, price concessions enthusiasm Services include: white masterbatch, black masterbatch,(PP, PA6, PA66, PET) fiber masterbatch, wire and cable masterbatch,sheet masterbatch, Packaging Masterbatch,(PP, PE, PS, ABS, PBT, PET, PC, PA, EVA, PU, POM )plastic masterbatch, features masterbatch.

公司秉承：品质第一，服务第一，信誉第一，价格优惠的宗旨热忱为广大顾客服务。服务的项目有：白色母粒、黑色母粒、(PP、PA6、PA66、PET)化纤色母粒、(PU、TPE、EVA、PE、PP)电线电缆色母粒、(PP、PE、PET、PMMA、ABS、HIPS)板材色母粒、(HIPS、PE、PP、PET、PC)包装色母粒、(PP、PE、PS、ABS、PBT、PET、PC、PA、EVA、PU、POM)注塑色母粒、(PP、PE、ABS、EVA、PU)功能色母粒。

Liz Woolley, of Harrisburg, Pa., created the site after her 21-year-old son fatally shot himself in 2001 while playing an online game she says destroyed his life.

这个网站Harrisburg， Pa。，的Liz Woolle她在21岁的儿子在2001年在玩游戏的时候用枪给自己致命的一枪后，建立了这个网站。

PA Consulting senior strategic analyst, said Steve Frobisher.

PA咨询公司的高级战略分析师Steve Frobisher说。

Warehouse management system to PA rental companies.

这是用于PA租赁公司的仓库管理系统。

In this paper, the morphology and barrier property of HDPE/EVOH and HDPE/PA blending system was studied.

本文系统研究了HDPE/EVOH和HDPE/PA两种共混体系的形态、阻隔性能及力学性能。

And just before the start of the match, he was whistled at when his name was read out on the stadium's PA system.

而当比赛开始前，当球场 PA 系统念到他的名字的时候，更是传来了嘘声。

When you hear the sirens screaming and see the lights flashing, will you announce over the PA system that there is not a fire?

当您听见警报器尖叫和看光闪动，您将宣布在PA 系统，没有火？

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。