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In chapter three, various theories and experience on the dispersion of nano-powders proposed by former researchers were generalized and reviewed. Technical standards and experimental process for determining technological parameters were suggested for the dispersion of nano-scaled metal oxides in aqueous medium according to their surface wettability, surface charge, the dependence of surface charge on pH and the compatibility of surfactants with pH and pH adjusting agents. Based on these suggested standards and experimental method, highly stable and dispersive aqueous suspensoid of nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powders were prepared successfully and surface modification on these nano-powders was also achieved.

本文第三章通过大量的文献调研，归纳总结了前人在纳米粒子分散技术方面的理论和经验，并在此基础上根据纳米氧化物粉体的表面润湿性、表面电性及其与分散介质pH值的关系、表面活性剂及其与pH调节剂的配伍关系设计了纳米氧化物水分散体系的工艺规范以及确定工艺参数的通用实验步骤，成功地制备了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化锰的高稳定分散悬浮液并实现了干粉体的表面改性，为纳米材料在氧化锌压敏电阻中的应用创造了第二个前提条件。

It belongs to triclinic system with space group P-1, a=0.7382(1) nm, b=0.9992(2) nm, c=1.1535(2) nm,α=81.41(2)°,β=85.72(2)°,γ=72.21(2)°, D=1.404 gcm^(-3), V=0.8007(38) nm^(-3), Z=2. The crystal structure shows that the compound has trans configuration and characteristic dimers connected by intermolecular hydrogen bond.

结果表明，该晶体属三斜晶系，空间群P-1，V=0.80070(38) nm^3，Z=2，D=1.404gcm^(-3)，a=0.7382 (1) nm，b=0.9992 (2) nm，c=1.1535 (2) nm，α=81.41 (2)°，β=85.72(2)°，γ＝72.21(2)°，分子结构呈反式构型，通过分子间氢键组装成二聚体。

Anthocyanidin extract in methanol showed 3 absorption peaks, at 270, 340 and 520 nm, in the UV-vis spectrum, with bathochromic and hypsochromic shift with methanol+AlCl3 and methanol+AlCl3+HCl, respectively; the ratio of the absorbance at 440 nm to that at 520 nm was 0.29. No fluorescence occurred under UV irradiance, and 5 absorption peaks occurred at 270 nm after HPLC. Five molecular ion peaks occurred on MS: 595, 381, 611, 587 and 571, respectively, and monosaccharides in the extract were identified as rhamuose and glucose on HPLC.

一品红花色素的甲醇溶液分别在270、340 和520 nm 处有 3 个吸收峰；在 440 nm 吸光度与可见光最大吸收波长 520 nm 吸光度的比值为0.29；花色素的甲醇溶液中加入AlCl3后发生红移，再加入HCl后发生蓝移；色素溶液在紫外光下无荧光；色素样品经液相色谱分离后在 270 nm检测有 5 个比较明显的吸收峰；质谱中得到 595、611、381、571 和 589 等对应的分子离子峰；花色素酸解液高效液相色谱图谱和鼠李糖、葡萄糖的出峰时间一致。

The bay area has no substituent and has electron-withdrawing groups,such as bromine atom,cyano-group and 4-formyl phenoxy group compounds have strong absorption in 525 nm,when excitated them,they have strong yellow and salmon pink luminescence bettwen 538 and 566 nm.When introduce electron-donating substituents,such as phenoxy group,morpholinyl,piperidinyl and n-butylamino group,the absorption bathochromic shift while the electron-donating ability is improved,bettwen 536 and 692 nm have strong absorption,reach to the near-infrared region. When excitated them,only the phenoxy group compound has strong salmon pink luminescence in 572 nm,the others have no fluorescence.

其中，港湾位无取代的以及含吸电基团(—Br、—CN、对甲酰基苯氧基)化合物在525 nm左右处均有很强的吸收ε＞10~4M~(-1cm~(-1)，当光激发时，港湾位无取代、溴代和氰基取代物发出538～547 nm的强烈黄色荧光，对甲酰基苯氧基取代物则发出566 nm的强烈橙红色荧光；含供电基团(苯氧基、吗啉基、哌啶基、正丁氨基)化合物随着供电子能力的增强，吸收发生红移，在536～692 nm处均有很强的吸收ε＞10~4M~(-1cm~(-1)，达到了近红外区，当光激发时，只有苯氧基取代物发出572 nm的强烈橙红色荧光，而含氮供电基取代物均发生了荧光淬灭。

The crystal belongs to monoiclinic with space group P2 1/n, a=1.7073(7)nm, b=1.7447(7)nm, c=2.4333(10)nm,β=109.694(7)°, Z=4,V=6.824(5)nm 3, D x=1.282g/cm 3,μ=0.793mm -1, F(000)=2696, R 1=0.0563, WR 2=0.1539. In the crystals of compound, the tin atoms rendered seven-coordinate in a distorted pengonal bipyramidal structure.

我们以 NEt3 作缚酸剂，用 Ph3 Sn Cl与 2 ，6 -吡啶二甲酸以 1∶ 1摩尔比反应时，没有得到预期产物 Ph3 Sn O2 C(2 ，6 - Py)CO2 H ，而是得到一种 Sn- Ph键断裂的离子型有机锡化合物(Scheme1 )。

The biggest fluorescence peaks of phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and fluoranthene are 250/364 nm, 250/402 nm, 240/372 nm and 286/462 nm, respectively.

选择最大荧光峰值位置对四种多环芳烃做工作曲线，呈现较好的线性关系。

The biggest fluorescence peaks of phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and fluoranthene are 250/364 nm, 250/402 nm, 240/372 nm and 286/462 nm, respectively.

菲、蒽、芘和荧蒽的最大荧光峰分别位于250/364 nm、250/402 nm、240/372 nm及286/462 nm。

The specimen was preliminary coated with carbon of 10-20 nm in thickness, then sputtered with gold of various thickness according to its shape and surface texture: a gold film of 60-80 nm in thickness for bell-jar or tower-type radiolarites, 80-140 nm for globiferous radiolarites with spines and 140-200 nm for globiferous radiolarites.

在放射虫化石表面先蒸镀一层10-20 nm厚的碳膜，然后根据放射虫化石的形态和表面结构的不同，溅射厚度不同的金膜；钟罩形、塔形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在60-80 nm，带刺的球形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在80-140 nm，球形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在140-200 nm。

In the study of UV absorbing test, polyhydroxy substituted N-benzoylserotonin derivatives (compound 1-10) shows better ability to absorb UV and shows wider range of absorbing UVB than control group, octyl salicylate. With respect to octyl salicylate, octyl salicylate can abosorb the highest wavelength up to 306 nm under UVB (wavelength ranges 280 nm ~320 nm), and the ε is 4.03 × 103 ㎝-1M-1. However, the ε of polyhydroxy substituted N-benzoylserotonin derivatives (compound 1-10) under 306 nm range 4.14 × 103 ~ 11.45 × 103㎝-1M-1. It is reasonable that the compounds in this study can not only absorb the individual wavelength amoung the wavelenght of UVB, but also absorb wider range of wavelength.

在紫外线可见光吸收测试结果显示，相较於对照组水杨酸辛酯在UVB波长(280 ~ 320 nm)范围最大吸收波长为306 nm，其莫耳吸收系数为4.03 × 103 ㎝-1M-1，而多羟基取代之N-色洛冬宁苯甲醯胺衍生物（化合物1 ~ 10）在306 nm的莫耳吸收系数介於4.14 × 103 ~ 11.45 × 103㎝-1M-1，其吸收紫外线的效果皆优於对照组水杨酸辛酯，且其在UVB波长的范围吸收波长的光谱也较宽广，可知每个化合物并非只是对UVB波长范围内的单一波长有吸收度，而是对UVB波长范围具有较宽广的光谱吸收。

METHODS:The measurment procedure was carried out using pH 8 phosphate salt buffer as solvent.Phenol red was determined by dual wavelength spectrophotometry at 558 nm and 570 nm. Tinidazole was determined by multiple regression spectrophotometry at 290,300,318 nm and 340 nm.

以pH 8磷酸盐缓冲液为溶剂，采用双波长法在558 nm和570 nm测定酚红，以多元回归分光光度法在290，300，318，340 nm测定替硝唑。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"