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The mathematical models of the delay of the GPS signal in the circumstance are put forward respectively. The computation of orbital arc of the two satellite constellations is based on two body problem and perturbations models. An algorithm based on the IRI model and thin layer model is used to simulate the ionospheric delay of the GPS signal. The error models of observation, multipath, relativity and antenna phase center bias are also researched. Under the consideration of the autocorrelation of the electronical measurements, the autoregressive model of time series is introduced into the noise models.

在信号仿真中，研究了利用二体运动和摄动法计算LEO卫星至GPS卫星星座的几何距离的问题；在信号的误差模型中，研究了电离层时延的IRI2001模型和单层投影模型；讨论了观测误差、多径效应、相对论效应和天线相位中心偏移的误差模型；结合电子测量噪声的具有自相关特性的经验，研究了观测误差的AR模型；结合实测数据分析，讨论了接收机钟差和卫星钟差的误差建模问题。

Based on basic concept and model,this paper points out that equal attention should be paid to"circle expanding model"and"exclave expanding model".

在城市土地扩展基本理论模式基础上，提出西安市以圈层式和飞地式扩展并重的基本理念，即今后相当时期，城市扩展在挖潜的前提下，应以圈层扩展和飞地式扩张并重，近期以前者为主，远期考虑以后者为主。

Based on the logistic model and learning curve model,the simulation analysis on the evolution model of wind-power industry shows that the industry chain of wind power has an expansively developing prospect.

基于Logistic模型和学习曲线模型构造的风电产业演化模型仿真分析表明，我国风电产业链的发展前景广阔。

The results show that in comparison with the exponential curve model and the GM (1, 1) model, the DE-GM (1, 1) model fits the measured data better and make s prediction more accurately. Furthermore, the DE algorithm is a highly effective algorithm with good properties such as high efficiency, high precision, fast computing speed and universality, etc.

结果表明，与指数曲线模型和GM(1， 1)模型相比，DE-GM(1， 1)模型能够更好地拟合实测数据，预测精度进一步提高；微分进化算法在GM(1， 1)模型参数优化过程中表现出求解速度快、计算精度和自动化程度高等特点。

Not only the shortcoming that the smoothing constant and order of the model are not changed for the exponential smoothing model during the process of prediction has been overcome, but also the theory of threshold model has been further developed.

这不但克服了指数修匀模式在预报过程中修匀常数和模式形式一直不变的缺陷，也进一步发展了门限模式的理论。

Aiming at the physical model inapplicability of flash method to measure thermal diffusivity of semi-transparentmaterials, a new physical model was proposed. In the model, according to the permeance of materials, the pulse laserabsorption of materials is of exponential type, and the authors establish a relevant differential equation and get a analyticalform.

针对传统的闪光法在物理模型上不适于用来测试半透光物质热扩散率的问题，提出了一个新的物理模型，该模型根据物质的透光性，确定样品对脉冲激光的吸收为指数型，建立了相应的微分方程并求得其解析解。

Through detailed analyzing some influencing factiors of sand liquefaction, seven parameters were selected as assessment indexes. They are earthquake magnitude, peak ground surface acceleration, standard penetration value, specific penetration resistance, relative compaction, average particle diameter, and water table. The extension assessment model has been established that was applied to assessment of sand liquefaction potential. The model had been trained by the historical data and has been assessed in virtue of sand liquefaction from the historical data by simulating, and got a excellent result. After introduction of the support vector machine theory, this paper established the assessment model of sand liquefaction based on the support vector machine, and assessed in sand liquefaction from virtue data of some fields in home and overseas with the tool Libsvm, which was programmed based on the support vector machine theory. And got a good coherency between the assessement results and the actual liquefaction.

在详细分析影响砂土液化因素的基础上，选取了震级M、地面最大加速度g_、标准贯入击数N_(63.5)、比贯入阻力P_s、相对密实度D_r、平均粒径D_(50)、地下水位d_w等7个参数作为评价指标，建立了砂土液化势的可拓评价模型，并对历史数据进行仿真评价，取得了较好的应用效果；在对支持向量机的理论进行介绍后，本文建立了基于支持向量机的砂土液化势评价模型，并利用在基于支持向量机理论的Libsvm软件，对若干国内外场地的现场实测数据进行了评价，评价结果与现场表现基本上一致。

And established the mechanics model,optimization parameter model,optimization mathematics model for the elastic element of the extensometer,programs analysis file and optim...

以应变计式引伸计弹性元件的结构优化为例，建立了引伸计弹性元件的力学模型、优化参数模型、优化数学模型，用ANSYS的参数化设计语言编制了分析文件和优化控制文件，经计算获得最优结果。

And established the mechanics model,optimization parameter model,optimization mathematics model for the elastic element of the extensometer,programs analysis file and optimization control file by using the ANSYS parameter design language.

解析设计方法：依据弹性元件的受力特点建立其力学模型，运用已成熟的力学理论，如薄板弯曲理论、梁弯曲理论、柱拉压理论、剪切理论等获得弹性体的应力应变的解析值，从而获得目标函数和状态变量的解析值。

The effects to which stations attract passenger flow, trip time, cost, real estate along line, URT feeder other traffic, structure and configuration of city were analyzed. Based on the minimize trip time of passenger, the model of optimal average distance between URT's stations and the model of station's coverage and the model of station's cost and benefit were proposed.

分析车站分布对吸引客流、乘客出行时间、工程造价、运营及沿线土地开发、城市轨道交通与其它交通方式的衔接、城市空间结构和城镇体系布局的影响；建立了基于乘客出行时间最短的最优平均站距模型、车站选取的覆盖量模型与费用效益模型。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。