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In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

Environment radon is mainly from rock and soil in geological environment, but the research is not connected with geological environment now. On the basis of physical field, the theoretical distribution model of radon in soil and exchange model of earth—air are set up by using Fick diffusion law and Dacy law, and then the research of environment radon is linked with geological environment. This paper described how the evry parameter of the theoretical model influence the radon concentration in air. The results of research indicat that molecule diffusion of radon is different from it's eddy form. Under the condition of surface radon source, the model experiment is used to study the transportation and distribution of radon in medium. The data of experiment show the relationship between radon and depth can be described by exponent. If the radioelement is well—distributtion, the concentration of radon in different depth or in different point at the same depth change with time, but the accumulated exhalation amount of radon at different point on the surface of model are close in relative long time. The author studied the exchange of radon between mediums and verified the theoretical models too.

环境氡主要来自岩石、土壤，而目前环境氡研究中与地质环境结合很少，为此作者以物理场为基础，运用气体运移的费克扩散定律和达西定律，建立起壤中氡浓度分布与大地—大气间氡交换理论模型，首次在理论上将环境氡与地质环境结合起来；论文中从理论上讨论了模型中各参数对空气中氡浓度的影响，发现空气中氡运移的分子扩散方式和湍流扩散方式存在明显差异；通过面状氡源条件下的氡运移模型实验，研究了介质中氡的运移与分布，实验数据表明氡浓度随深度的变化规律可用指数函数描述，在放射性元素分布均匀的条件下，介质中不同深度和同一深度不同点的氡浓度随时间而变，但介质表面不同点在较长时间内向空气中累计释放的氡的量是相近的；同时研究了不同介质间氡的交换，并验证了所建立的理论模型；运用理论模型预测青岛市城区壤中氡浓度、江西临川一住宅区空气中氡浓度及江西二个测区的区域空气中氡浓度分布，取得了较好的效果。

Furthermore, how to apply the model efficiently in practice is deeply discussed. As the variance produced by the forecasting model as concerned, the real-time revised method of hydrological forecasting is highlighted. Next arranged, the multi-stratum recursive prediction model is put forward to forecast the error series that is a dynamic system. Later, an error selfregressive multi-stratum recursive prediction model is set up as well as a current algorithm offered. Finally, the difference collated model and the gloss control method, which are devoted to updating the mid-long term hydrological forecasting during the meditate period, are put forward.

在综合评述中长期水文预报现有方法和模型的基础上，采用时间序列分析方法，建立中长期水文预报的时间序列组合模型，并对模型如何在实际中有效应用作了较为深入的探讨；针对模型预报所产生的误差，又重点研究了水文预报实时修正方法：提出了采用多层递阶预报方法对误差序列这一动态系统进行预报，建立了误差自回归多层递阶预报模型，并提出了较为通用的解算方法；给出了水文中长期预报中期修正的残差相关模型和总量控制方法。

Some sub-models of the original KIVA code were modified, by introducing into the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor model for spray breakup, the multiple laminar and turbulent characteristic timescale combustion model, the heat transfer model of Han and Reitz, the Hiroyasu and Nagle soot model and the improved Shell auto-ignition model were added to the original KIVA, to improve the predictions of engine spray, ignition, combustion, gas/wall heat transfer and emissions.

为提高模拟精度对标准的KIVA程序进行了改进，引入KH-RT雾化模型、层流和湍流多重特征时间尺度燃烧模型、Han和Reitz传热模型以及Hiroyasu和Nagle碳烟排放模型来模拟柴油机多次脉冲喷雾、燃烧、壁面传热及排放过程，同时增添改进的Shell自燃模型来模拟着火过程。

Since in some instance, the variance of response variable might be changeable along withthe alteration of explanatory variable, in the procedure of model constructing, a fixedeffects model should be considered firstly, then the random effects model or randomcoefficient model when necessary. The best fit model should be chosen by comparing thealterations of between-study variance and residual variance, as well as their relationshipswith covariates.

基于各研究中因变量与自变量间的曲线形状可能存在较大差异，建模时可依次考虑固定效应模型、随机效应模型和带协变量的随机系数模型，并观察研究水平的方差与残差方差的变化，以及与协变量的关系，从而选择最优模型。

With the deficit in the information processing on facial emotion perception of schizophrenic patients, the neurocognitive training program is based mainly on the Memory Processing Model, Treisman's Attenuation Model, signs of the eye movement, Ellis's Information Processing Model of Face Recognition, Zhuo's Morphological-Tuning Model, Wang's Two-Stage Face Recognition Model, and Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought. The contents of the training contain self-instruction, feature abstraction, mnemonics, and positive reinforcement.

本研究以记忆历程模式为主轴，参考减弱模式的感官登录与减弱控制机转、眼球凝视现象、脸部辨识讯息历程模式、双阶段脸孔辨识模式的型态侦测模块、二阶段脸孔辨识模式的脸孔与表情表征、思考适应控制模式的陈述与程序知识等部分，并举证精神分裂病患在表情讯息处理历程各阶段－注意、编码、储存、提取的缺损现象，以自我引导、特征抽取、记忆增强、立即回馈等原则，设计神经认知行为取向的脸部表情辨认训练方案。

The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.

试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。

The article covers the full research on such aspects as mathematic description, numerical analysis method and their practical applications. The diphase heating surface is divided into a hot water section, a evaporation section and a micro overheat section , the problems of model switching are avoided successfully between subcritical and supercritical working condition in the model of The diphase heating surface, and the model can be used for between subcritical and supercritical working condition without causing the model stiff infinity prick up problem. The mathematical model and dynamic characteristic account is unified and predigested for the diphase heating surface of once—through boiler under subcritical and supercritical pressure, and propose that the working conditions at phase change point could be used as divide criterion between water region and steam region under supercritical pressure, the problems are solved successfully between water and steam phase change point under supercritical pressure.

本文在过程的数学描述、数值分析以及实际应用等方面进行了系统的研究分析，将双相受热面统一划分为热水段、蒸发段和微过热段三段，所建立的双相受热面模型不但成功地避免了超临界工况与亚临界工况间的模型切换，而且消除了由区段划分欠妥所引起的模型刚性无限加剧的问题，统一并简化了超临界及亚临界压力下直流锅炉双相区段的数学模型和动态特性计算，而且提出了利用相变点工况作为超临界压力下划分汽水区域的标准，解决了超临界压力下水与蒸汽的相变点问题。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

This paper, which focused on the structure optimization theory and method, has finished such studies as follows: The three dimension model has been built, which provide the necessary conditions for the building of the dynamics equivalent model. By the launch dynamics simulation, the loads of the key joints when the rocket is launched has been got, which provide the necessary data for the finite element analysis and the structure optimization. The finite element model of the excess weight parts of the rocket has been built, buy the finite element intension analysis of the model in two conditions, the displacement and the stress of the key points have been got, which make us know the distributing of the stress and the transmogrification of the part. To satisfy the intension and the precision design request and to decrease the weight of the part as many as possible, the part has been topology optimized by the structure optimization theory and method. After that, the new model has been analysis in structure and launch dynamics. The contrast of the character change of the old part and the new part and the influence on the rocket system have been studied.

本文以结构优化理论和方法为核心，主要做了以下工作：建立了某自行火箭炮全炮三维实体模型，为建立该火箭炮系统的动力学等效模型提供了必要条件，进行了发射动力学仿真，得到该火箭炮发射装置各关键连接部位在发射状态下的载荷，为有限元分析和结构优化提供了必需的数据；建立了该火箭炮发射装置超重部分的有限元模型，分两种工况，对模型进行了有限元强度分析，得出了关键部位的位移和应力值，对其的应力和变形分布有了具体的了解；运用结构优化的理论和方法，对该火箭炮发射装置超重部分进行了拓扑优化，使其在满足强度和精度的要求下尽可能多地减轻重量，对优化后得到的模型进行了结构分析和发射动力学分析，对比了该部件优化前后的特性变化以及对火箭炮系统的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。