查询词典 MD

"Botulinum A exotoxin injection may be associated with the development of life-altering headaches," write Murad Alam, MD, from DermSurgery Associates in Houston, and colleagues.

美国休士顿皮肤外科协会的Murad Alam医生，和他的同事们写道：「进行A型脑肠菌毒素的皮下注射，可能与发病成顽固迁延性头痛病有关，这种头痛病将会改变人的一生。

"This study raises the possibility that androgen replacement therapy might lower the risk for Alzheimer's, but this is far from proven," says Sam Gandy, MD, PhD, chair of the Alzheimer's Association's Medical and Scientific Advisory Council and director of the Farber Institute for Neurosciences at Thomas Jefferson University.

"这项研究提出了可能性雄激素替代疗法可能有助于降低患病的风险，为阿尔茨海默氏症的，但是这是远远证实说："山姆甘蒂博士主持的老年痴呆症研究协会的医学和科学咨询委员会和总的farber研究所神经科学在托马斯杰弗逊大学。

About 25% of women older than 40 years have dense breast tissue, which makes it particularly difficult to distinguish between healthy and tumor tissue on a mammogram."We all know that mammography is not perfect," commented Eric Winder, MD, professor of medicine at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Massachusetts. This new technique could be a useful adjunct, particularly in women with dense breasts. There is already increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging in such women, he noted, and this technique might offer an alternative."Strategies for breast cancer screening are becoming more individualized, and we are moving away from a 1-size-fits-all scenario," he commented at an ASCO press briefing that he moderated.

40岁以上的妇女有大约25%有致密乳房组织，使得特别难以藉由乳房摄影区别健康组织和肿瘤组织；达那-法柏癌症研究治疗中心医学教授、Eric Winder医师表示，我们都知道乳房摄影不是最好的，这个新技术可以是有用的辅助方式，特别是属於致密乳房组织的妇女；他指出，这类妇女使用磁振造影的人数已经增加，此技术或许可以提供另一种选择；他在主持ASCO的记者会时表示，乳癌筛检策略变得个人化，我们已经不再用一体适用的方案。

"This study raises the possibility that androgen replacement therapy might lower the risk for Alzheimer's, but this is far from proen," says Sam Gandy, MD, PhD, chair of the Alzheimer's Association's Medical and Scientific Adisory Council and director of the Farber Institute for Neurosciences at Thomas Jefferson Uniersity."Because testosterone is rapidly conerted to estrogen after entry into neurons, the new data are logical, and they doetail well with historical data."

"这项研究增加了雄激素补充疗法降低阿尔次海默危险性的可能，但是里真正的证实路还很长，"阿尔次海默医学协会和科学咨询委员会的**，Thomas Jefferson大学的神经病学Farber协会的主任，医学博士，公共卫生学博士Sam Gandy说，"因为雄激素在进入神经元后迅速降解为雌激素，新的研究资料还有局限性，然而他们的研究结果与历史上研究的结果很吻合。"

September 9, 2008 — A new study showing racial disparities in radiation treatment for breast cancer after a lumpectomy also reveals "worryingly low rates overall for what should be a standard of care in all but the oldest and sickest women," said breast cancer expert Eric Winer, MD, from the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Massachusetts.

September 9， 2008 —来自麻州波士顿达那-法柏癌症研究治疗中心的乳癌专家Eric Winer医师指出，一项新研究结果显示，乳癌患者肿块切除后接受放射线治疗有种族上的差异，且突显了对所有乳癌患者应是标准照护但实际执行率却很低的情况感到担忧，除了年龄较大与病况较差的女性之外。

"Orthostatic hypotension is a highly prevalent condition among frail elderly subjects and is responsible for falls, loss of independence, and impaired quality of life," lead author Joel Belmin, MD, from H pital Charles Foix in Ivry-sur-Seine, France, told Medscape.

主要作者Joel Belmin博士告诉Medscape，直立时的低血压是发生率极高的症状，好发於身体虚弱的老人，会造成他们跌倒、失去独立性及生活品质受损，目前少有记录显示直立时的低血压可获得良好的治疗。

"These data confirm Galus effectiely reduces blood sugar leels and has a positie effect on pancreatic islet cell function," said iian Fonseca, MD, Professor of Medicine and Chief of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Tulane Uniersity Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, Louisiana.

iian Fonseca博士（医学教授，美国新奥尔良杜兰大学医学科学中心的内分泌学和新陈代谢学**）说："这些数据证明了Galus既能降低血糖水平又能改善胰岛细胞的功能"。

The indication of MD and HD, according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of vegetation and soil, at Leymus chinensis +forb community, were 0.7426 and 0.5611, respectively, and at Stipa baicalensis + Leymus chinensis community, were 0.7702 and 0.59804, respectively.

根据植被与土壤相结合为指标体系的模糊综合评价得出的指示度分别为；羊草+杂类草群落中度退化区为0.7426、重度退化区为0.5611；贝加尔针茅+羊草群落中度退化区为0.7702、重度退化区为0.5980。

"If larger, randomized, controlled trials confirm these preliminary findings, serological screening for celiac disease could be proposed as part of management of migraine, and the gluten-free diet as the first-line therapy in the subgroup of patients with evidence of celiac disease," write Maurizio Gabrielli, MD, from Gemelli Hospital in Rome, Italy, and colleagues.

意大利罗马Gemelli 医院的Maurizio Gabrielli医师及同事表示，如果大型随机控制实验证实该发现，那么粥状泻的血清筛检就可以作为偏头痛的诊断方式，而无麸质饮食是粥状泻病患的第一线治疗。

In an accompanying editorial, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho MD, PhD, points out that just one in five patients with sleep apnea complains of drowsiness during the day."It is now recognized that OSA triggers a cascade of biological reactions, including increased sympathetic activity, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations that are potentially harmful to the cardiovascular system," he writes in the editorial.

同时在一篇社论中，Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho博士指出有五分之一的该类病人抱怨白天总是打瞌睡，"现在知道了这是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停症状引发的一系列生物反应，包括交感神经活性，系统性炎症，氧化应激和代谢紊乱，这都对心血管系统产生危害。"

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。