查询词典 Lamarck

Georges Cuvier had looked at fossils in rock strata and observed how the ones that lay deeper looked less like familiar animals. But Etienne St. Hilaire observed that all living animals had similar organs and anatomies. To Jean-Baptiste Lamarck this meant that, over time, all animals were changing their form.

乔治·居维叶通过观察岩石层中的化石发现：岩层越深，化石与相类动物的共性就越少；然而艾奇恩那·圣伊莱尔却发现，所有活着的动物都有着相似的器官和身体结构；在让·巴蒂斯特·拉马克看来，这意味着所有动物都随着时间的推移改变着它们的形态。

But by the early 20th century,Lamarck's concept of evolution had been superceded by Darwin's theory ofnatural selection and the genetic laws of Gregor Mendel.

哦力冈大学的分子遗传学家Selker评论到：我现在不知道有证据表明拉马克理论有对的成分，但这种可能是存在的。

With the advent of Mendelian genetics and the later discovery of DNA, Lamarck's ideas fell out of favor entirely.

随着孟德尔遗传学的出现以及后来的DNA的发现，拉马克的观点受到完全的质疑。

Tracing the development process (i.e. the life history) of vacuum cleaner, we found similarities between product development and evolution trend, such as the theory of "evolve by use and degenerate by no-use" by Lamarck, the theories of mutation, excessive breeding, competition for existence, and survival of the fittest in the Theory of Natural Selection by Darwin and Wallace, as well as the theory of mutation in Neo-Darwinism.

文中经由观察吸尘器诞生后的发展过程，亦即它所经历的生命史中，归纳出它所显现的演变现象有些似乎和演化论有相似之处，例如：Lamarck的用进废退演化现象，Darwin天择说中的变异、过度繁殖、生存竞争、适者生存等，及集合各家说法的Neo-Darwinism中的突变等。

This is a vindication of sorts for 18th century naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

这有一个勉强的例子可以为18世纪的博物学家Jean Baptiste Lamarck辩护一下。

Fifty years earlier, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck had suggested that living things are products of a long historical process of transformation.

在达尔文理论出现的50年前，让－巴提斯。拉马克（Jean-Baptiste Lamarck）就认为，生物是一个漫长的变化过程的产物。

Lamarck (1789) reported that the dye could be used to color Easter eggs and toothpaste, and to produce a compound used as a cosmetic for women's faces.

Lamarck (1789)报告说这种染料可以给复活节鸡蛋和牙膏染色，还可以制造给女性化妆用的合成物，也就是现在的口红和胭脂。

In evolutionary studies, because heritable non-genetic variations are often induced by the environment, we have to expand our notion of heredity and variation to include the inheritance of acquired variations, the once disparaged idea that was part of Lamarck's theory.

在进化研究中，因为可遗传的非基因变异通常是由环境引起的，所以我们应该将我们的遗传和变异概念扩大到包括获得性变异的遗传--这一被轻视的观点是让－巴提斯。拉马克（Jean-Baptiste Lamarck）理论的一部分。

Based on the framework of the Alife evolutionary model, we proposed two different models according to Lamarck direct evolution and Baldwin effect. They are called genetic controlled evolutionary reinforced model and autonomous genetic reinforced model, both of which embodied in the mutual effect of learning and evolution.

在基于遗传算法的人工生命进化模型的结构框架下，分别依据Lamarck直接遗传方式和Baldwin效应间接遗传方式两种不同的遗传行为方式，设计了遗传监视进化强化模型和自律遗传强化模型两种不同风格的进化模型，它们都有效地体现了学习和进化之间的双向作用关系。

Lamarck, whose writings on evolution predated Charles Darwin's, believed that evolution was driven in part by the inheritance of acquired traits.

Lamarck，他比Charles Darwin还要早的提出进化论，认为生物进化是由它们后天获得遗传特征所推动。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失