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PART 1 UNIT 1 B Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics A Electrical Networks ———————————— 3 Three-phase Circuits A The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 UNIT 2 B Transistors A Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 UNIT 3 B Binary Number System A Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 UNIT 4 B Power Electronic Converters A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 UNIT 5 B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers A AC Machines ———————————————19 UNIT 6 B Induction Motor Drive A Electric Power System ————————————22 UNIT 7 B PART 2 UNIT 1 B Power System Automation Control Theory A The World of Control ————————————27 —————29 The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation UNIT 2 B A Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 Steady State————————————————— 31 A The Root Locus ————————————— 32 ————— 33 UNIT 3 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B State Equations 40 38 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network Computer Control Technology A Computer Structure and Function 42 B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43 44 PART 3 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49 B Understanding DSP and Its Uses 1 UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems B Embedded Systems Design Process Control A A Process Control System B 50 PART 4 UNIT 1 Fundamentals of Process Control 52 53 UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters B Final Control Elements and Controllers UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers B PID Controllers and Other Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments B Control Panels Control Based on Network and Information A Automation Networking Application Areas B Evolution of Control System Architecture PART 5 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems B Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System B Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing B Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings PART 6 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot B A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy B Electric Vehicles UNIT 1 A

电路 2 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1 A Electrical Networks B Three-phase Circuits UNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 B Transistors UNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 ———————————— 3 B Binary Number System UNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 B Power Electronic Converters UNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers UNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19 B Induction Motor Drive UNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22 B Power System Automation PART 2 Control Theory UNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27 B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation UNIT 2 A B —————29 Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 ————————————— 32 Steady State————————————————— 31 UNIT 3 A The Root Locus B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams ————— 33 UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B UNIT 6 State Equations 40 38 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network PART 3 UNIT 1 Computer Control Technology A Computer Structure and Function B 42 43 44 Fundamentals of Computer and Networks UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 1 UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer B Understanding DSP and Its Uses 49 UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems B Embedded Systems Design PART 4 UNIT 1 Process Control A A Process Control System 50 B Fundamentals of Process Control 53 52 UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters B Final Control Elements and Controllers UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers B PID Controllers and Other Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments B Control Panels PART 5 UNIT 1 Control Based on Network and Information A Automation Networking Application Areas B Evolution of Control System Architecture UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems B Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System B Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing B Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond PART 6 UNIT 1 Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot B A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy B Electric Vehicles 2 UNIT 1 A

电路 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1 A UNIT 2 A UNIT 3 A UNIT 4 A UNIT 5 A UNIT 6 A UNIT 7 A Electrical Networks ———————————— 3 B Three-phase Circuits The Operational Amplifier ——————————— 5 Logical Variables and Flip-flop —————————— 8 Power Semiconductor Devices —————————— 11 Types of DC Motors —————————————15 AC Machines ———————————————19 Electric Power System ————————————22 B Transistors B Binary Number System B Power Electronic Converters B Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers B Induction Motor Drive B Power System Automation PART 2 Control Theory UNIT 1 A B UNIT 2 A UNIT 3 A UNIT 4 A The World of Control ————————————27 Stability and the Time Response ————————— 30 The Root Locus ————————————— 32 The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 B Steady State————————————————— 31 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams ————— 33 The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots ————— 34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory B B B PART 3 B B B State Equations Optimum Control Systems Artificial Neural Network Computer Control Technology 42 43 44 Fundamentals of Computer and Networks The Applications of Computers 46 40 38 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control UNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices UNIT 3 A PLC Overview PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 1 UNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49 B B PART 4 B B B B PART 5 B B B B PART 6 Understanding DSP and Its Uses Embedded Systems Design Process Control 50 52 53 Fundamentals of Process Control UNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded Systems UNIT 1 A A Process Control System UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters Final Control Elements and Controllers PID Controllers and Other Controllers Control Panels Control Based on Network and Information Evolution of Control System Architecture Stability of NCSs with Network-induced Delay Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Synthetic Applications of Automatic Technology UNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI Controllers UNIT 4 A Indicating Instruments UNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application Areas UNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control Systems UNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database System UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated Manufacturing UNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine Drivers B B B System Evolution in Intelligent Buildings A General Introduction to Pattern Recognition Electric Vehicles UNIT 2 A Industrial Robot UNIT 3 A Renewable Energy 2 UNIT 1 A

电路 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器，电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性。就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为： u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R =电阻，欧姆。纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt =电流变化率，安培/秒； L =感应系数，享利。电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷 q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量 dq 的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u=，式中电容量 C 是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为 i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量 dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或 dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3)可写为式中 C =电容量，法拉。

USD45 Sent: Tuesday, June 30, 2009 9:14 PM Subject: Re: DDU rate via HAMBURG 30/06/09 Dear Serena, we can quote : 1 cartage : eur 458,00 2 cartage : eur 563,00 inbond doc : eur 45,00 each shipment post landing charges as per attachment LCL charges EUR 30,- per 1000 kgs or EUR 15,- per cbm EUR 30,- minimum Quay dues – not IMO EUR 50,95 per ton (cargo up to 20 kgs) EUR 40,80 per ton (cargo over 20 kgs) EUR 8,17 per cbm(cargo5 times measuring) EUR 45,68 minimum General surcharge compensation EUR 4,50 per cbm as per outlay EUR 4,50 minimum as per outlay CISF EUR10,00 per cbm or per ton Delivery order fee EUR 45,- per B/L Anti terror compliance fee EUR 3,90 per B/L Customs clearance EUR 65,- up to one tariff-code EUR 7,50 per all additional tariff-cod

但价格要做USD45发送：星期二， 2009年6月30号下午9时14主旨： Re ： DDU率通过汉堡30/06/09亲爱的小威廉姆斯，我们可以回复： 1 ）搬运：欧元458，00 2 ）搬运：欧元563，00 inbond文件：欧元45，00每次装运后降落费按附件拼箱收费30欧元，-每1000公斤或15欧元，-每立方米 30欧元-最低码头费-不海事组织欧元50，95每吨（货物达20公斤）欧元40，80每吨（货物超过20公斤）每立方米8，17欧元（ cargo5次测量）欧元最低一般45，68欧元4，50补偿附加费每立方米为每支出4，50欧元最低按支出CISF EUR10 ， 00每立方米或提货单每吨45欧元的费用，-每乙/ L的反恐怖遵守欧元3，90费每乙/ L的报关欧元65 ，-行动一个关税代码欧元7，50每所有额外关税鳕鱼

The results showed that phosphorus deficiency stress environment (0~80 μmol/L) and phosphorus abundance stress environment (160~320 μmol/L) made the content of Chl a, Chl b and the total content of chlorophyll decline obviously, and restrained the growing of Chinese chive and decreased the yield.

结果表明：低磷胁迫(0~80μmol/L)和高磷胁迫(160~320μmol/L)使韭菜叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量明显下降，抑制韭菜的生长，降低了产量。

Result The spindles of oocytes were abnormal at 25℃ for 20 min, and disappeared at 25℃ for 30 min or at 4℃ for 10 min. 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml Cytochalasin B for 2 h had no effects on the spindles of the oocytes. The spindles of oocytes were abnormal in 20 μmol/L colchicines for 1 h, and disappeared in 40 μmol/L colchicines for 1 h. The structure of spindles were perfect for 1-12 h when the oocytes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde.

结果］卵母细胞在25℃、20 min时纺锤体异常，25℃、30 min或4℃、10 min时纺锤体缺失；5、10、20和40μg/ml细胞松弛素B作用2 h未对纺锤体产生影响；卵母细胞在20μmol/L秋水仙素中作用1 h纺锤体异常，40μmol/L时作用1 h纺锤体缺失；在4%多聚甲醛中4℃条件下，卵母细胞纺锤体结构以固定时间为1~12 h效果较好。

Probing and feeding behaviors of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.var.caqitata), summer squash Cucurbita pepo L.

利用刺吸电波技术记录了B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci在甘蓝Brrassica oleracea L.var.caqitata、西葫芦Cucurbita pepo L。

Bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline (L3), Cl3SnCH2CH2COORo L (L= L1, a; L2, b; L3, c), formed by low-heating solid-state reaction. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 show that the tin atom adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramid geometry via intramolecular carbonyl oxygen to tin coordination [the distances of Sn-0 bond are 0.2351(6) ran for 1 and 0.2362(3) nm for 2]. Compound 1 belongs to monoclinic with space group P2/c, a = 0.9842(2) nm, b =1. 0923(8) nm, c = 1.23948(11) nm,/?= 93.894(15)°, V= 1.3294(4) ran3, Mr = 366.23, 7 = 4. Compound2 belongs to monoclinic with space group P2{/c, a = 1.04443(9) nm, b = 1.04823(7) nm, c = 1.28113(9) nm,/= 90. 953(8)°, V= 1.40239(19) nm3, Mr = 380.25, Z = 4

利用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征，并通过X射线单晶衍射测定了1和2的晶体结构，二者均为具有分子内羰基氧原子配位的畸变三角双锥结构。1属于单斜品系，空间群P21/c， a=0.9842(2)nm，b=1.0923(8)nm，c=1.23948(11)nm，β=93.894(15)°，V=1.3294(4) nm^3，Mr=366.23，Z=4.2属于单斜晶系，空间群P21/c，a=1.04443(9)nm，b=1.04823 (7)nm，c=1.28113(9)nm，β=90.953(8)°，V=1.40239(19)nm^3，Mr=380.25，Z=4。

Results L* in pat of opaque and body become decrease and a*,b* become increase generally with the increase of each group of color guide stage,then a*、b* of incisor translucent and cervical increase tendency unapparently.

结果 随着A、B、C、D各组比色板色阶的增大，不透明瓷、牙本质瓷的L*值呈递减趋势，a*、b*值呈递增趋势，但是颈部瓷、透明瓷的a*、b*值的递增趋势变化不明显。

The main work of our research was to study the effects of the combination of enhanced UV-B radiation 0.35w·m~(-2 and Cadmium 1umol·L~(-1 on the growth, photosynthesis, elements absorption and relocation in mung bean seedlings at the initial stage of growth, and the involving mechanisms about the change of photosynthesis under the different treatments were studied also. It was shown that the heights root length, lateral root length, lateral root number, area of leaves, dry/fresh weight of the overground parts and underground part were all inhibited by the single factor and combinative factors.

本文以0.35w·m~(-2)剂量的UV-B模拟增强UV-B辐射和1μmol·L~(-1)Cd~(2+)模拟Cd~(2+)污染，研究了增强UV-B辐射和Cd~(2+)及其复合处理对绿豆幼苗生长、光合作用以及元素吸收和分配的影响，并对不同处理条件下绿豆幼苗光合作用的变化机制进行了比较深入的分析，获得结果如下：增强UV-B辐射和Cd~(2+)及其复合处理8天，绿豆幼苗植株高度、根长、侧根长、侧根数、叶面积、地上部分干/鲜重和根系干/鲜重均下降。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。