查询词典 Karst

With the use of karst water deposit (calc-sinter) analysis system, historical document analysis system, and modern observation data statistic analysis system, we study the evolutive regularity in three temporal scales and the evolutive process in geologic temporal scale in Niangziguan karst water spring, and divide this karst water evolution into five stages.

同时运用岩溶沉积物分析法、历史文献分析法、现代观测资料的统计分析法研究了娘子关泉岩溶水系统在三个时间尺度上的演化规律及在地质时间尺度上的演化过程，并将该岩溶水系统演化分为五个阶段。

Fossils are well preserved. 2. The results of comparative analysis of South China Karst Nominated Sites (Phase 1) with similar sites: among the stone forests all over the world, Shilin Stone Forest in Yunnan is neither the tallest nor the oldest one, but the most complicated in the evolution history and richest in the forms. It represented a unique evolvement mechanism of stone forest development; Libo cone karst, possesses not only the most typical karst cones, but also the most complex assemblages of the cone karst.

"中国南方喀斯特"第一批世界自然遗产提名地与相似地点进行对比分析结果：云南石林喀斯特不是最高的石林，也不是最古老的石林，但云南石林形成演化历史最复杂，石柱的形态最丰富，代表一种独特的石林形成演化机制；荔波锥状喀斯特不仅锥峰单体最典型，而且锥状喀斯特地貌组合形态最丰富，代表典型的锥状喀斯特地貌特征，反映出大陆热带–亚热带锥状喀斯特的地质演化模式与过程。

Karst erosion test and microscopic observation are adopted to analyze the features of marlite's solution morphs in the karst process in this paper, and the karst process and karst morphs of the Badong Group marlite in Fengjie, Sichuan province is studied.

为了研究岩溶作用过程中泥灰岩溶蚀形态的特征，采用试验分析和室内镜像观察的方法，研究了四川奉节地区三叠系中统巴东组泥灰岩的溶蚀过程及微观溶蚀形态变化。

The karst caves could be accurately detected only when the boundary of the karst caves has a horizontal extension, as well as the interface of the karst caves is single plane and the normal direction is parallel or small angle intersection (0°~45°) with tunnel axis.

只有溶洞的边界有一定的横向延伸性，溶洞界面呈非常明显的单一平面特征，其法线方向与隧道轴线平行或以较小的角度相交(0°~45°)，溶洞才能被准确探测。

The effects of the unconformity surface on karst mainly include two aspects: one is the configuration of unconformities which controls the development scale of regolith karst, another is the intensity of unconformities which controls the development depth of regolith karst.

不整合面对岩溶发育的控制主要体现在两个方面，一是不整合面形态对分化壳岩溶发育范围的控制，二是不整合面的强度级别对分化壳岩溶发育深度的控制。

Determined by the specific geological background of Longhetun, the characteristics of the soil resources show abundant calcium and leaning to alkaline. Monomial indexes to evaluate the revisal coefficient of soil adapted to karst mountains areas were screened out combined with the function of karst dynamics system and analysis of characters of each factor about fertility in soil. Predigestion model to soil revisal coefficient monomial assessment was established by successful importation of the content of nutrition elements in plant body, latent efficient elements in soil and available thickness of soil in the cranny of epikarst according to the characters that three carriers of soil, soil water and karst water supply nutrition to plants and two layers of foundation consist of surface soil and soil in epikarst cranny, and several types of soil revisal coefficient and weather-soil productive potentiality were calculated, the results show that the soil revisal coefficient was even more practical after modification than before, which make up of innovation of this study.

龙何屯特殊的地质背景条件决定了耕地土壤资源的富钙偏碱的特点，结合岩溶动力系统的作用，系统分析土壤中各肥力因子的特点，筛选出适宜岩溶石山区特点的土壤订正系数评价单项指标，针对研究区存在土壤、土壤水、岩溶水三种载体提供植物营养和表层土、土下表层岩溶带裂隙土两层空间基质的特点，成功引入植物体内营养元素含量、土壤元素隐性有效态含量及土下表层岩溶带裂隙土有效厚度等新参数指标，探讨建立了土壤订正系数单项指标评价简化模型，计算出龙何屯各耕地类型土壤订正系数和气候-土地生产潜力，结果显示修正后的土壤订正系数比修正前更符合实际，成为本研究的创新点。

So karst vegetation is charactered by Petrophile, Xerophile and Calciphihe in those areas where soil cover is very thin, and the underground drainage system is well developed. The running of karst ecosystem is controlled by two subsystems, which are karst dynamic system in inorganic life and genetic information transmitting system in organic life.

岩溶生态系统的运行受到两个子系统的联合作用驱动，即无机方面的"岩溶动力系统"和生命方面的"遗传信息传递系统"，但主要受以碳、水、钙循环为中心的岩溶动力系统的控制。

Based on structural features of karst rocks, the authors have divided the karst rocks of Huanglong Formation into four types, namely slightly corroded karst rock, medium degree corroded and porous karst rocks, strongly corroded brecciated karst rocks and strongly corroded and altered secondary gray-karst rocks.

石炭系黄龙组岩溶岩系是川东邻水-渝北地区天然气藏最重要的储层类型之一，依据岩溶岩的结构特征，将黄龙组岩溶岩系划分为弱溶蚀岩溶岩、中等溶蚀多孔状岩溶岩、强溶蚀角砾状岩溶岩和强溶蚀交代次生灰质岩溶岩等4种类型。

In other words, underground water is an essential water resource, accounting for 41%-83% of the total. Meanwhile, the formation of limestone soil is slower.(2) Guangxi is a typical karst region. A large difference is noticed in vegetation coverage between karst regions and non-karst regions. The average coverage of bush and forest communities is 14.81% and 12.13% in the karst regions, 1.92% and 31.3% in the non-karst regions.(3) The wide distribution of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province indicates the karst environment is strongly affected by carbonate rocks'properties.

水资源以地下水资源为主，且难开发；土壤资源零星分散，土层薄，易流失；(2)现存广西区植被覆盖特征显示，岩溶石山区森林覆盖率明显低于非岩溶区，同时也暗示着岩溶石山区植被的恢复、演化慢于非岩溶区植被；(3)贵州石漠化分布特征表明岩性对岩溶生态环境的制约；(4)脆弱的岩溶生态环境制约着生态系统的人口承载力。

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。