查询词典 Giles

In the "China Review"(March-April, 1886), Dr. Herbert A. Giles wrote a sensational article,"The Remains of Lao Tzu", to show by various arguments that the "Tao-teh-king" is a spurious work and that its now spurious portions have been mostly mistranslated.

在&中国评论&（ 3月至4月， 1886年），博士赫伯特甲贾尔斯写了耸人听闻的文章&，仍然是老子&，以示由各个论点说，&陶德敬&是一个似是而非工作，并指出其虚假的，现在部分已大都误。

The literal, free and zero translation, thinking that translation is more than the mere exchange of words, but also a process that always has its preconditions of cultural background, and all strategies and skills are conditioned by social and cultural factors. By comparison between the original and target contexts, especially the criticism of the misunderstandings and mistranslations in Giles'version, we can see that it is hard to convey the original content as well as style to translate word for word or to deviate from the original.

在对《孙子兵法》和Giles英译本的对比分析及其历时研究的基础之上，尤其是针对该译本中存在的误读误译问题及其原因，作者指出完全按照字面直译和彻底脱离原文的意译都难以传达原作的风格与内容；相对而言，直译甚至零翻译可以比意译更有效地体现和传递源文化，尽管可能不如意译那样通顺。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？