查询词典 Germinal

The results of study show:1. White pulp and red pulp in parenchyma of spleen of embryo can be obviously discerned after 18 days. Periarterial lymphoid sheath and ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath also can be obviously discerned in spleen of 4 days chicken. T, B lymphocytes in appendix basement of embryo emerge after 20 days. It is the initial shape of cecal tonsil. Crypt structure of conjunction of esophago and stomachus glandularis form obviously at 4 days. It is the initial shape of esophago tonsil. The germinal center firstly emerges in these three organs at 14 days. With the increase of day age, the characteristic structure peripheral immune organs gradually develop mature. Spleen achieve mature at 21 days and cecal tonsil at 35 days.2. IgM~+ and IgA~+ cells in spleen of embryo emerge at 15 days. IgG~+ cell, CD3~+ and CD8~+T lymphocytes of embryo emerge at 20 days. CD3~+, CD8~+ and IgM~+ cells in cecal tonsil of embryo emerge at 20 days. However CD4~+, IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells all emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust. CD3~+, CD4~+, CD8~+, IgM~+ and IgG~+ cells in esophago tonsil of embryo all emerge at 20 days. However IgA~+ cells emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust.3. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in peripheral immune organs increase follow with the increase of day age, and hold an upgrade tendency. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in spleen achieved stabilization at 21 days, and in tonsil of esophago and appendix at 35 days.

研究结果表明：1、在组织结构方面，脾脏实质内的白髓与红髓在胚胎18日龄后明显可辨，4日龄雏鸡脾脏中形成明显可辨的动脉周围淋巴鞘和椭球周围淋巴鞘；盲肠基部T、B淋巴细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，即初步形成盲肠扁桃体；食管与腺胃结合处在4日龄时形成明显的隐窝结构，即食管扁桃体初步形成；14日龄时，三种器官中首次出现生发中心；随着日龄的增长，外周免疫器官特征结构不断发育成熟，脾脏在21日龄时达到成熟水平，盲肠扁桃体和食管扁桃体在35日龄时达到成熟水平。2、在T、B淋巴细胞出现时间方面，脾脏中IgM~+和IgA~+细胞在胚胎15日龄时开始出现，IgG~+细胞、CD3~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞在胚胎18日龄时出现，CD4~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时出现；盲肠扁桃体中CD3~+、CD8~+和IgM~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而CD4~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞均在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现；食管扁桃体中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、IgM~+和IgG~+细胞均在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而IgA~+细胞则在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现。3、在T、B淋巴细胞数量变化方面，外周免疫器官中T、B淋巴细胞的数量随日龄增长，整体均呈上升趋势。

Full-thickness articular cartilage defects (diameter: 3mm, depth: 3mm) were made to bilateral condylus medialis femoris of all rabbits. In periosteum+BMSCs group and periosteum group, defects were covered by homolateral autogenous proximal tibia periosteums, with germinal layer facing to cavitas medullaris. After that, the periosteum+BMSCs group received 3 sutures, followed by injection of 20 μL BMSCs suspension (1×109/L) into the defects, after which the last suture was taken.

在全部兔双侧股骨内侧髁造成直径3 mm，深度3 mm的全层软骨缺损，骨膜复合骨髓间充质干细胞组、单纯骨膜组取同侧胫骨上段内侧骨膜，骨膜生发层朝向骨髓腔覆盖软骨缺损，骨膜复合骨髓间充质干细胞组先期缝合3针，向缺损区注入1×109 L-1骨髓间充质干细胞细胞悬液20 μL，植入细胞后缝合最后1针。

In recent years,studies have revealed important roles of BAFF and its receptors in immune regulation of antibody isotype switching,germinal center maintenance,and T cell co-stimulation,that may provide new drugs in the future for the treatment of autoimmune disorders,lymphoma and B cell immunodeficiencies.

近几年来的研究表明，BAFF及其受体在抗体类型转换、生发中心维持、T细胞共刺激等方面发挥着重要的免疫调节作用，对自身免疫疾病、淋巴瘤和B细胞免疫缺陷的治疗具有潜在的应用前景。

AIM Immunoglobulin class switch recombination in germinal center B cells results in the switch in expression from one Ig isotype to another isotype.

目的免疫球蛋白类别转换在生发中心B细胞中进行，从而B细胞由产生IgM转换到产生其他类别的免疫球蛋白如IgG， IgA， IgE。

In this study we demonstrate that RA patients on anti-TNF display a paucity of follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal center structures accompanied by a reduction in CD38+ GC B cells and peripheral blood memory B cell lymphopenia compared with healthy controls and RA patients on methotrexate.

本研究表明与健康者和服用甲氨蝶呤的类风湿关节炎患者比较，接受抗肿瘤坏死因子治疗的患者缺乏滤泡树突细胞网路和生发中心，伴随有CD38+ GC B细胞和外周血记忆B淋巴细胞的减少。

Purpose To explore the value of single cell isolation from tissue slides and single cell polymerase chain reaction in the study of lymphy node germinal centers.

目的探讨从组织切片中进行单细胞分离和单细胞聚合酶链反应技术在淋巴结生发中心研究中的应用。

The pollen morphological characters and germinal aperture of Magnolia sieboldii under scanning electron microscope are similar to that of the other species in Magnoliaceae, but the size and exine sculpture are different.

结果表明，扫描电镜观察到的花粉形状和萌发孔与其他已报道的木兰科植物相同，但大小和花粉外壁的纹理不同。

Results Revealed the pathognomonic changes:the mantle cell zone were remarkably wide,but germinal center became small,the nucleous form of it were irregular,and the structural changes of lymph node also slight.

结果 发现其以淋巴套细胞显著增宽而生发中心明显缩小，瘤细胞小，核形轻度不规则和原有淋巴结结构破坏较轻为其形态特征。

The results were as follows: Compared with control group, the weight and the relative weight of thymuses, bursas of Fabricius and spleens of experiment group increased significantly(P＜0.05) or extremely significantly(P＜0.01). In experiment group, the cortex of thymic lobule, bursa nodule and Periarterial Lymphatic Sheaths thicken obviously; the volume of bursa nodule, splenic nodule and ellipsoid augmented, and the germinal center of splenic nodule were obvious; the thymic corpuscle increased; the plica of bursas of Fabricius developed well and the degenerating of it retarded.

结果表明：试验组鸡胸腺、腔上囊、脾的重量和器官指数均高于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)；试验组的胸腺小叶皮质增厚，胸腺小体增多；腔上囊皱襞发达，腔上囊小结体积大，皮质较厚，退化延缓；脾的动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚，脾小结体积大，生发中心明显，椭球增大。

It is suggested that mechanisms protecting epidermis of squamata species from UVB damage may involve in (1) Physical defensive mechanism: the death epidermal layer limited UVB transmitting to the viable cells;(2) Biochemical defensive mechanism: up-regulated CAT may protect skin from reactive oxygen species which may induced by UVB. Moreover, the lipid and proteins in the β-, meso- and α-layer may absorb incident UVB and formed damaged products that were limited in the original site;(3) Cellular defensive mechanism: quick initiating of proliferation of the germinal cells and forming of the new epidermis and shedding out the damaged epidermis shortened the damage process and restricted the damage area.

1物理性防御：角质层和中层阻挡绝大部分UVB透过，最大限度地减轻生发层的损伤；(2)生化性防御：通过上调CAT活性以减轻LVB诱导的活性氧对表皮的损伤，同时角质层蛋白质和中层脂类可吸收UVB，且形成的有害产物被局限于原位；(3)细胞性防御：通过迅速启动再生修复过程形成新的表皮，及时蜕去积累了脂类过氧化产物、受损蛋白质和晒斑细胞等的受损表皮，有效防止损伤的持续和蔓延。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。