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The average percentage of polymorphic bands are 72.06% for ISSR and 66.67% for RAPD respectively. The genetic diversity of ginkgo revealed by ISSR (the average effective number of alleles is 1.8780, the average Nei"s gene diversity is 0.4652, and the average Shannon"s information index is 0.6574) are all higher than those by RAPD (the average effective number of alleles is 1.7842, the average Nei"s gene diversity is 0.4317, and the average Shannon"s information index is 0.6211), while the standard errors of the parameters estimated by ISSR were lower. Therefore, ISSR molecular markers are more suited than RAPD molecular markers when testing the genetic diversity of ginkgo populations and determining the genetic relationship of among populations or among individuals which are much similar hereditarily.

本文应用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术，选取中国5个可能的野生银杏居群共计75个样品，对其遗传多样性进行了研究，得出以下结论：(1)用筛选出的12个RAPD引物和10个ISSR引物进行PCR扩增，分别扩增出65条和68条重复性高、清晰的条带，多态性位点百分率分别66.67%和72.06%，ISSR揭示的银杏遗传多样性(平均有效等位基因数目为1.8780，平均基因多样度为0.4652，平均信息指数为0.6574)高于RAPD所得到的结果(平均有效等位基因数目为1.7842，平均基因多样度为0.4317，平均信息指数为0.6211)，其所估算参数的标准差要低于RAPD所估算出的值，因此，在研究亲缘关系非常近的银杏物种的遗传多样性并试图确定居群间或个体间的遗传关系时，ISSR分子标记技术比RAPD分子标记技术更为合适。

By reporter gene assay, it was found that both biochanin A and hesperitin activated the activity of CBF1-dependent reporter gene.

藉由报导基因分析，可评估不同药物对於细胞中内生性Notch讯息传导路径的影响，本实验室发现biochanin A与hesperitin可以活化内生性Notch讯息传导路径。

The expression of heterogenetic hGDF5 gene can induce BMSCs' differentiation to chondrogenic cells. But the gene transfection has no obvious effects on the proliferation and ALP activity of BMSCs.

高表达的hGDF5可以促进BMSCs向软骨表型分化，但对细胞增殖和碱性磷酸酶活性无明显影响。

Positive rate was relatively high, and the foreign gene could also maintain in testicular tissue for a long time, it could still be detected in the tissue in 7 months after being injected. However. Deferent results could be gained when the detection were made with different primers on different sites of the recombinant plasmid. This could be explained by transgene lost when the foreign gene recombinated and integrated in heterogenetic cell, or transgene degradated by cell nucleases.

然而，我们也看到，在后代检测中，利用不同的引物扩增重组质粒不同部位时，检测结果存在差异，转基因阳性率不同，这种差异说明当外源基因进入到异源细胞内，在重组整合时发生了外源基因丢失的现象，并由此导致外源基因的整合率下降，也可能是受细胞内核酸酶的作用，使得外源基因遭到降解。

BACKGROUND: Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of commonest genetic blindness-inducing eyeground diseases, which have relative great heterogenicity in both heredity and phenotype. Pierce et al discovered a new retinal photoreceptor cell specific gene-RP1 in 1999, and also found in their following research that the mutation of this gene can induce autosomal dominant RP .

背景：视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa，RP)是一组最常见的遗传性致盲眼底病，在遗传和表型上均具有较大的异质性。1999年Pierce等发现了一个新的视网膜感光细胞特异基因--RP1，之后的研究发现该基因的突变可导致常染色体显性遗传RP(autosomal dominant RP，adRP)。

It was shown that the resultant cybrid HL-R cells incorporated with reticulocyte cytoplasts became differentiated 〓 bytalterationcin growth parameters, which might be defined as decancerization:(1) loss of growth ability in soft agar medium;(2) nontumorigenic under heterotransplantation in their filial cellular generation to mude mice;(3) decrease of growth rate, cellular mitoxic index and DNA synthesis rate;(4) decrease or inhibition of c-myc gene expression;(5) expression of human globin gene products in 〓 subculture.

利用C-myc癌基因探针的分子杂交技术，未检测到胞质杂交细胞存在相当于C-myc基因特异的同源序列mRNA，提示杂交细胞癌基因表达严重受抑。

Heterozygous metallic: One copy of the metallic gene and one copy of the non-metallic gene.

杂合金属：一份金属基因的副本，非金属基因。

VWF gene is one of the most polymorphism genes. There is a lot of allele in 40th intron of vWF gene, and the heterozygous rate is higher.

vWF基因是人类最具多态性的基因之一。vWF基因40号内含子中的VNTR存在多种等位基因，有较高的杂合频率。

If the yeast with homeotic gene can retrieve the sensitivity or resistance, it could show that the drug affect the gene.

如果构建的同源克隆酵母可以挽救此突变株对药物的敏感性或抵抗性，那么就说明药物可能影响此基因。

Homeotic gene ; computer cloning ; human NLGN-4 gene

同源异型基因；计算机克隆；人类NLGN-4基因

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。