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The application to phylogenesis of gene rearrangement of mtDNA in Anura groups was analyzed. It showed that the higher Anura was, the more complicated gene rearrangement became.

本文分析了蛙类mtDNA基因重排多样性，并探讨了蛙类mtDNA基因重排在系统发生关系上的应用，发现越高等的物种，其线粒体基因重排越复杂。

But in anura, great variation was observed among mtDNA. the gene arrangements were compared with other anurans and the Tandem duplication followed by random gene loss model was implemented to explain for it.

但是在两栖纲无尾目动物中，线粒体基因组的基因排列顺序却存在很大变异，这种基因重排现象可以用TDRL模型来解释。

The index (Gst=0.5284) presentes that 52.84% molecular variation existes among subpopulations, 47.16% existes within subpopulations. There are changes of genetic differentiation from 0.0000 to 1.0000. In addition, the gene flow of Aristida pennata populations is 0.4426, which suggests relative limited gene flow may be one of important factor influencing on the genetic structure of the species.

亚种群间的基因分化系数为0.5284，即有52.84％的遗传多样性存在于种群间，有47.16％遗传多样性存在于种群内，各位点的遗传分化程度差别较大(0～1.0000)，其基因流为0.4462，不足以防止漂变引起的种群间的遗传分化。

Using RAPD markers techonolgy analysed the genetic structure of populations and built up the reaction system of SSR markers of Aristida pennata, at the same time, analysed the genetic structure based on SSR markers techonolgy. The research results are as follow:(1) 11 amplifiction random primers were used to detecte 125 loci in 76 samples. The total proportion of polymorphic loci of. Aristida pennata is 96.8%, the average proportion of polymorphic loci of Aristida pennata is 45.3%. The analyses of Shannon diversity index (1,0.5151) and Nei gene diversity index(h, 0.3471) indicate that the gene variation is rich in subpopulations.

Pennata.tirn为研究对象，在阜康，147团及121团周边等7个亚种群采集76个样品，通过RAPD分子标记技术进行亚种群内和种群间的遗传变异分析，并采用SSR技术建立羽毛三芒草的检测技术平台同时进行遗传结构分析，结果表明：(1) 11条RAPD引物检测到76个样品有125个位点，总多态位点百分比为96.8％；亚种群内平均多态位点比为45.3％，香农表型多样性指数(1，0.5151)，Nei's基因多样度指数(h，0.3471)都说明羽毛三芒草种群有较为丰富的遗传变异。

The sequences identities of SRY gene fragments of all animals of Artiodactyla available from GenBank were compared with the M.m.vaginalis SRY gene fragment. The phylogenetic tree was contructed and analyzed by UPGMA method and it was studied at the level of taxonomics and evolution.

将其序列与基因库中录入的所有偶蹄目动物的SRY基因序列进行同源性比较，用UPGMA法构建了其系统进化树，从分类和进化上对赤麂SRY基因进行分析

Recently,numerous studies proved that each member of secreted aspartyl proteinase have different requirements in temperature and pH,with develop of gene mutation technology further cleared relation between gene expression regulation and organism′s infection sites and state,as well as transcription activation factor effect on expression of each member of secreted aspartyl proteinase.

近年来，大量研究证实了分泌型天冬氨酸蛋白酶各成员对温度、pH值等培养方面有不同的要求，基因突变技术的发展，进一步明确了基因表达调控与机体感染部位、感染状态之间的关系及转录活化因子在蛋白酶各成员表达中的作用。

Methods S. epidermidis atlE gene expression level at different phases was detected by RT-PCR, and the accumulation of extracellular DNA at different phases was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of light absorbance by DNA; DNase Ⅰ was used to study the function of extracellular DNA in biofilm formation and primary attachment. The effects of atlE gene deletion on initial adherent capacity, biofilm formation and extracellular DNA release were studied by construction of atlE deletion mutant via homologous recombination.

采用RT-PCR法检测表皮葡萄球菌atZE基因在不同时期的表达水平，用紫外分光光度计检测DNA的方法检测了相应时期的胞外DNA的释放量，并用DNA酶研究表皮葡萄球菌胞外DNA在生物膜形成和起始黏附中的作用；采用ρBT2质粒同源重组敲除的方法构建了表皮葡萄球菌1457的atlE基因突变株，研究atlE基因敲除突变对起始黏附能力、生物膜形成及胞外DNA释放能力的影响。

The ribosomal RNA gene of silkworm Attacus is found to Be a multi-copy gene with its repeated units arranged tandem.

蓖麻蚕的核糖体核糖核酸的基因是多拷贝基因，其重复单位成线性方向排列。

According to the results of gene localization,we have isolated the BamHI-PstI fragment of ETS of rRNA gene of silkworm Attacus ricini from a subclone pAR II.

根据rRNA杂交定位的结果，分离了带有外转录间隙区的蓖麻蚕rRNA基因次级克隆 pARⅡ的BamHI-PstⅠ片段。

After the identification of SARs in Attacus ricini rRNA gene, its rRNA gene and NTS were also found to have the ability binding with the nuclear scaffold of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 1kb NTS fragment which can bind clearly with nuclear scaffold of Attacus ricini was the chief fragment binding with yeast nuclear scaffold. This indicated the homology between this two kinds of SARs and provided an evidence for the evolutionary conservation of SARs.

在鉴定蓖麻蚕rRNA基因中具有骨架结合区域之后，利用体外结合的方法发现，蓖麻蚕rRNA基因及其非转录间隔区片段也具有与酵母核骨架结合的能力，尤其是能与蓖麻蚕核骨架结合的非转录间隔区1kb片段，也能明显地结合于酵母核骨架，这一结果表明二者的SAR顺序具有一定的同源性，为骨架结合区域具有进化保守性提供了又一证据。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。