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The transgenic tobacco plants could delay TMV infection for about 25 days compared with non-transgenic tobacco plants.Pokeweed antiviral protein II is expressed with high level in summer leaves. The expression of PAPII is regulated by season. The total RNA was extracted from pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) leaves in summer using the method of TRIzol and used as template to amplify the PAPII gene by RT-PCR and then the gene was cloned into E.coli expression vector and secreted expression pPIC9K vector. The two vectors with PAPII gene were then transferred into E.coli strain BL21 (DE3)-plysS and Pachia pastor is GS115 strain respectively. The specific protein was produced induced by IPTG and methanol.

由于美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白Ⅱ是一个受季节调控表达的蛋白，本实验以美洲商陆夏季叶片为材料，通过对其总RNA的提取、反转录、并用PAPⅡ的特异引物进行PCR扩增，对PAPⅡ进行了基因克隆、序列分析，结果扩增出来的PAPⅡ基因与已经报道的序列同源性是99.9％，然后将该基因构建到原核、真核表达载体上，分别转化了大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母并对它们进行了诱导表达，在两个表达系统中均获得了有活性的PAPⅡ表达蛋白，体外生物测定表明表达的蛋白均具有抑制病毒的活性，PAPⅡ基因在酵母中还没有表达的报道，这为获得具活性PAPⅡ蛋白提供了一种简便可行的方法。

In order to clone the VIP gene in the gastrointestinal tract from beijing duck, one pair of specific primers to VIP gene was designed and synthesized according to the chick sequence (X80906). Encoding VIP cDNA fragments were amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA in the Proventriculus, the Duodenum and the Jejunum of Beijing duck. Their PCR products were ligated into pGEM-T easy vector, which was transformed into E. coil JM109. Positive bacteria clones were screened and identified by PCR method and digested with the double restriction enzyme EcoRⅠ. The sequence of VIP gene fragment was also determined and analyzed.

为从北京鸭胃肠道中扩增血管活性肠肽基因，根据鸡VIP基因（GenBank登录号X80906），设计了一对简并引物，从北京鸭腺胃、十二指肠和空肠提取总RNA，通过反转录－聚合酶链反应扩增，将从腺胃、十二指肠和空肠中扩增出的产物克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体上，导入大肠杆菌JM109，阳性克隆经双酶切鉴定后测序，将测序结果与鸡和鹅（GenBank登录号为DQ023161）的VIP基因进行同源性比较。

The 6 AChE Genes from L.bostrychophila,L.entomophila and L.decolor were demarcated into Insect TypeⅠAChE Gene and Insect TypeⅡAChE Gene.4 Gene cloning of nAChR and mRNA expression level in L.bostrychophilaTwo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes,Lb al and Lb a8,were cloned from the psocid L.bostrychophila.The full length cDNAs of Lb a1(GenBank Accession No.: EU871527) and Lb a8GenBank Accession No.

昆虫的两类AChE严格的区分，其中Ⅰ型AChE先与脊椎动物AChE聚合后才与Ⅱ型AChE相聚，说明两类AChE基因在物种分化前就已经分化。4嗜卷书虱烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体基因克隆及其mRNA表达水平研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术成功克隆获得了嗜卷书虱2个烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体亚基的全长序列，分别命名为Lb a1(GenBank登录号：EU871527)和Lb a8(GenBank登录号：EU871526)。

To construct a retroviral vector carrying immortalizing gene hTERT, screen gene puro, reporter gene EGFP and recombination site sequence LoxP for reversible cell immortalization. Linearized pBABE-puro was cut by restriction enzyme Nhe Ⅰ and ligated with loxP double strands to construct a vector pBABE-puro-lox.

目的 探讨以hTERT作为永生化基因、嘌呤霉素乙酰转移酶基因puro作为筛选基因、加强型绿色荧光蛋白EGFP作为报道基因、loxp作为重组位点构建可回复性永生化逆转录病毒载体，为建立可回复性永生化细胞株莫定基础。

Electromagnetic radiation has a potential hazard on human health, application of gene chip which is high throughout technique for analyzing differential gene expression will supply bio-effect of electromagnetic with many gene level evidence.

电磁辐射具有潜在的健康危害，基因表达差异的高通量分析技术－基因芯片技术的应用，将为电磁辐射生物学损伤效应提供大量基因水平的根据依据，本文就基因芯片技术在微波、极低频电磁场等电磁辐射领域中的应用及其研究进展进行了综述。

Methods Silence the expression of RhoC gene in Bel7402 cells by RNAi. Determine the levels of apoptosis gene and apoptosis-related gene by FACS and RT-PCR, and the migration and growth of cells by scarification healing test and soft agar clone formation test.

以RNAi沉默Bel7402细胞RhoC基因的表达，FACS和RT-PCR检测细胞凋亡和凋亡相关基因水平，细胞划痕损伤和软琼脂克隆形成试验检测细胞迁移和生长特性。

Because the same sex determination gene fragment of fowl as SRY of mammal is not found, the discovered peculiar gene fragment in XhoI family will become the basic study of sex determination gene;The basis of sex differentiation is aromitic enzyme which controls sex hormone′s transformation; sex-linked inheritance and cloaca sexing will still bethe main methods of sexualization; a female can turn into a male through hormone in ducing and the changed female can turn into its genetic sexwhile a male can′t turn similarly.

家禽中虽未发现象哺乳动物SRY基因的性别决定片段，但XhoI家族中特异片段的发现可能成为性别决定基因研究的基础，性别分化的基础是控制性激素转型的芳香化酶；伴性遗传和泄殖腔鉴别法仍然是性别鉴定的主要方法；利用激素诱导只能使雌转雄而不能使雄转为雌，且转变后仍能恢复原来的遗传性别。

The results of sequencing show that GTPV P32 gene was 969bp and encode 323 amino acids, Sheep pox virus P32 gene was 972bp and encode 324 amino acids, FGD-CPV P32 gene was 969bp and encode 323 amino acids.

结果表明：GTPV P32基因开放阅读框全长969bp，编码323个氨基酸；绵羊痘病毒(Sheep pox virus，SPPV)P32基因ORF全长972bp，编码324个氨基酸；羊胎皮肤细胞分离毒P32基因ORF全长969bp，编码323个氨基酸。

Some characteristics of the novel gene YH1 was explored by bioinformatics. The YH1 gene was mapped on the chromosome 20 with the size of 7. 5 kb or so by blasting to genome database and this fragment size for YH1 gene coincided with the result of Souther blot. There were nine exon and eight intron.

利用生物信息学方法，在基因组数据库中比较，发现YH1基因存在于一个定位在20号染色体上7.293kb的DNA序列中，这与Southern blot结果相符。9个外显子被8个内含子隔开。

We analyzed the polymorphism of MHC class II B gene in 14 Chinese alligators sampled from three different areas: the wild population of Xuancheng in Anhui, the captive population of Changxing in Zhejiang and the captive population of Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction. The gene fragment was amplified using a pair of specific primers designed from the MHC gene sequence of the Spectacled caiman. A total of thirty-four different sequence (15, 10 and 9, respectively) were detected in sampled Chinese alligators.

为了研究扬子鳄种群MHC基因的多态性，我们选取了安徽宣城野生扬子鳄种群、安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心饲养种群和浙江长兴饲养种群三个亚种群的14条扬子鳄，利用一对特异性引物扩增出扬子鳄MHC II类B基因第三外显子的部分片段，并对其进行了克隆、测序，结果从这些扬子鳄样本中共获得34种不同序列，每个亚种群内分别检测到15，9和10个不同序列。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。