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Therefore, the technique of gene SOEing is a simple and effective method for gene recombination and mutation in vitro, which is significant to study structurally and functional characteristic of gene in high plants.

因此，重叠PCR技术是一种简单有效的进行体外基因重组和突变的方法，对于研究高等植物功能基因的结构功能特性具有重要的意义。

The phytoplasmas diseases were investigated in 30 counties and cities of 10 areas in Yunnan Province. There are 12 phytoplasma diseases, including paulownia witches-broom,chinaberry witches-broom, cactus witches-broom, christmas cactus witches-broom, orange little leaf, petunia flat stem and so on were indentified using PCR with universal primers, which amplified phytoplasma 16SrRNA gene and/or ribosomal protein genes. So the kind of phytoplasma diseases in Yunnnan Province were understood. Identified the characteristic of 16SrRNA and rp gene of phytoplasma and the kind, classification and genitic relativity of these strains using RFLP, clonging and sequence analysis (nearly 20 full-length sequences of phytoplasma 16SrRNA and/or rp gene were submitted in GenBank ); The phytoplasma strains isolated from herbage plants were conserved in storeroom. 9 articles were published in the key journals of China and 1 technique invention patent was applied. The net-page about phytoplasma disease was established. 4 graduate student were bringed up.

对云南省10个地区的30余个县市地区进行了植原体病害的调查采集工作；采用植原体16SrRNA基因通用引物（R16mF2/R16mR1及R16F2/R16R2）和/或植原体核糖体蛋白基因引物（rpF1/R1）对所采集到的病害标样总DNA进行PCR扩增，根据植原体特异扩增条带的出现，共鉴定出泡桐丛枝、苦楝丛枝、仙人掌丛枝、蟹爪兰丛枝、柑桔小叶、矮牵牛扁茎等12种植原体病害，初步明确了云南省植原体病害的种类；通过RFLP技术、克隆及测序技术获得其16SrRNA及部分核糖体蛋白基因的近全长序列（已在GenBank中共登录近20余个相关序列），通过序列比较分析，明确了上述植原体株系中这两个基因的特征并确定了云南省植原体株系的种类、分类地位及遗传相关性；对一些发生在草本植物上的植原体进行了株系保存；在国内核心期刊及一般期刊发表研究论文 9 篇，申请技术发明专利1项；初步建立了有关植原体病害的网页；培养研究生4名。

After analyzing glutinous rice waxy gene sequence reported by previous studies, two pairs of dominant and codominant STS molecular markers based PCR were designed for distinguishing glutinous rice, according to the distinctions between glutinous rice wx gene and nonglutinous rice Wx gene. Moreover, the whole sequences of the two Wx genes of nonglutinous rice reported by others were also aligned, and another two pairs of dominant STS molecular markers were designed to discriminate Wxa from Wxb based on the special site between the two genotypes. Then, corresponding rice genotypes were identified by the established new markers.

通过对前人公布的糯性水稻蜡质基因全序列测定结果的分析，根据糯性水稻与非糯性水稻蜡质基因序列位点的差异，设计了两个基于PCR扩增反应的可特异识别糯性水稻的显性和共显性STS分子标记；同时在前人公布的非糯性水稻蜡质基因的不同类型的全序列比对分析的基础上，选取了两种基因型特定的差异位点，设计了两个基于PCR扩增反应用于特异识别这两种Wx基因的显性STS分子标记，并用新建立的标记对相应的水稻基因型进行了检测。

The bioinformatics analysis showed that the gene had the highest homology with the gene of Penicillium janthinellum, which reached up to 76%. The first 26 amino acids might be a signal peptide sequence with the hydrophobicity of up to 2.63. The CBHⅠ gene consisted of the catalytic domain, convergence zone and cellulose-binding domain and its tertiary structure was mainly composed of 3-sheets.

分别扩增到鹅源草酸青霉F67纤维素酶CBHⅠ基因片段A(EU574736)、5'端序列B1(EU603295)、3'端序列B2(EU652768)及全长基因C(EU727171)，并成功构建真核表达载体pPIC9K-CBHⅠ；生物信息学分析表明，该基因蛋白序列与微紫青霉氨基酸序列同源性最高，达76%，前26个氨基酸为信号肽序列，疏水性可达2.63，由催化功能域、衔接区和真菌性纤维素结合域构成，其三级结构主要为β-sheet。

From the calculation of two different similarity measures—Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient, we found that about 94 percent of gene expression regulatory pathways are correlatively expressed in more than 4(including 4) sets of expression profile data, and it presents additional evidence for the correlation between gene function and its expression in the view of gene expression regulatory pathways.

通过Pearson相关系数和Spearman相关系数两种相似性测度的分析，我们发现有94%（15条）的基因表达调控通路内的基因在大于等于4套的表达谱数据中是共表达的，以上结果从基因表达调控通路的角度，证实了基因功能与基因表达之间存在着一定的相关性。

The prolactin gene was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1 to exon 5 of PRL gene were detected in high fecundity breeds and low fecundity breeds (Dorset, Texel and Corriedale sheep) with five pairs of primers by PCR-SSCP.

设计5对引物，采用PCR-SSCP技术检测催乳素（prolactin，PRL）基因外显子1至外显子5在高繁殖力绵羊品种和低繁殖力绵羊品种（多赛特、特克塞尔和考力代）中的单核苷酸多态性，同时研究该基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响。

The gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor gene was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. Eight pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1, exon 2 and exon 3 of GnRHR gene in both high fecundity breeds and low fecundity breeds (South African Mutton Merino, Corriedale and Chinese Merino sheep) by PCR-SSCP. Only the products amplified by primers P4 and P7 displayed polymorphisms.

设计8对引物，应用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性技术检测促性腺激素释放激素受体（gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor， GnRHR）基因外显子1、外显子2和外显子3在高繁殖力品种和低繁殖力品种（南非肉用美利奴、考力代和中国美利奴绵羊）中的单核苷酸多态性，同时研究该基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响。

Over the last 10 years, antisense transgenic plants have been used as tools to address this and have revealed some unexpected findings. In this article, chloroplast tpi gene from spinach and tandem genes of chloroplast tpi gene from spinach and cytoplast fba gene from rice were transferred into filamentous, heterocystour cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.

将菠菜叶绿体tpi和水稻胞质fba的串联基因连接在光诱导的高效启动子PpsbA下游，克隆入pDC-08中构建了既能在大肠杆菌又能在蓝藻中表达的穿梭表达载体pDC-AT，并通过三亲接合转移转入鱼腥藻7120。

RESULTS: The polymerase chain reaction product was in concordance with target fragment. The analysis of the gene sequence proved it is the ALR gene. The overall length of the ALR gene was 378 bp, it was highly conservative in many species, for instance the Homo sapiens, the Mus musculus, the Bos Taurus and the Danio rerio.

结果：聚合酶链反应扩增结果与目的片段位置一致，测序结果表明为肝再生增强因子mRNA，基因全长378 bp，在人、牛、小鼠、斑马鱼等物种中高度保守。

In order to understand insertion/delation polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in pilots,and to explore the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the perfomance of the pilots,the polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotypes for an I/D polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene in 118 pilots and 96 healthy subjects as controls.

为了解飞行员血管紧张素转换酶基因插入或缺失多态性情况，探讨ACE基因多态性与飞行员耐力可能的关系，用聚合酶链反应扩增技术检测118例飞行员和96例健康对照者的ACE基因I/D多态性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。