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In this study, what had been used inculding CBF1 and CBF3 of CBF family, its downstream COR15a gene , regulating element CRT/DRE in promoter of COR15a gene, Cloning CBF1 and CBF3 from Arabidopsis thaliana, and Cloning ApCOR15a gene from Arabis pumila of xinjiang. On the basis of plasmid pBI121,being used CaMV35S promoter and SAR iductivity promoter synthesized by PCR, six plant expression vectors had been constructed: pCB111, pCB111-1, pCB112,pCB112-1,pCB113, pCB113-1, and then transformed to Agrobacterium GV3101 by electics.

本研究选用了CaMV35S组成型启动子和人工合成的由水杨酸诱导的启动子SAR、拟南芥CBFs家族中的CBF1和CBF3、新疆小拟南芥COR15a基因及其CRT/DRE顺式作用元件构建了不同组合的六个植物表达载体：pCB111、pCB111-1、pCB112、pCB112-1、pCB113和pCB113-1，并采用农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法转化烟草，获得了大量的抗性植株。

The cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene and the bar gene discovered in recent years are found to be used for insect-resistant and anti -herbicide respectively because of their broad spectrum and are used in gene improvement of many crops widely now. Using the peanut Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Shanyou 523 and Arachis hypogaea L.

在多种抗植物虫害、耐除草剂基因中，豇豆蛋白酶抑制剂基因(cowpea trypsin inhibitor，CpTI)和耐除草剂基因因其抗虫和耐除草剂的广谱性而成为效果最为理想的外源基因，被广泛地应用于农作物抗虫、耐除草剂基因的改良上。

Upon the optimized Agrobacterum-mediated transformation systems mentioned above, the herbicide-resistant gene bar has proved to be successfully incorporated into genomes of the Cynodon dactylon after PCR assay of hpt gene and bar gene, GUS histochemical assay and hpt resistance evaluation.

经潮霉素抗性基因hpt和除草剂抗性基因bar的PCR分析、GUS组织化学染色和潮霉素抗性鉴定，证实除草剂抗性基因bar已成功整合到狗牙根基因组。

in order to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for identification of four kinds of food-borne pathogenic bacteria including salmonellla spp, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus by using multiplex pcr, according to invasion protein a geneof salmonellla spp, transcriptional regulatory protein gene of listeria monocytogenes, autolysin gene ofstaphylococcus aureus and gyrase b subunit gene of bacillus cereus, four pairs of specific primers were designed for multiplex pcr amplification.

小 摘要：为建立一种利用多重pcr技术检测和鉴定沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法，根据沙门氏菌侵袭力蛋白a基因、单核细胞增生李斯特菌蛋白转录调控基因、金黄色葡萄球菌自溶素基因、蜡样芽孢杆菌的促旋酶b亚单位基因设计引物，进行多重pcr扩增，并对多重pcr反应体系进行优化。

Domestic Violence in Pregnancy; Psychosocial Characteristics; Postpartum Depression; Risk Factors; Neonate; Glutamate; r-aminobutyric acid; plasma cortisol; COMT gene; 5-HT gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Temperament; Mental Development Index; Physical Development Index; Gene-Environment Interaction; Neural Network; Biomathematic Model

医药卫生科技，预防医学与卫生学，计划生育与妇幼保健孕期家庭暴力；社会心理特征；产后抑郁；危险因素；新生儿；谷氨酸； r-氨基丁酸；血浆皮质醇； COMT基因； 5-HT基因；单核苷酸多态性；气质；智力和运动发展指数；遗传-环境交互作用；神经网络；数学模型

The results showed that the organization and gene order of the mitochondrial genomes of these bivalve species studied were different from each other. The size, organization, gene numbers, and gene order of mitochondrial genomes in bivalves at different taxa were different.

结果发现，双壳贝类线粒体的基因组结构、基因排列顺序均互不相同；不同目、科和属之间线粒体基因组的大小、基因排列方式以及基因种类也存在明显的差异，尤其是基因排列方式没有明显的规律。

For the futher research of the change in gene level,we used microarrary analysis to study gene expression in the olfactory blub in the model of AD,for the aim to analyse the relationship between olfactory and AD in the level of gene.

在得到的811个差异表达基因中进行第一步初筛，挑选出23个表达差异明显的基因，这些基因包括与神经退行性疾病发病机制、细胞凋亡途径、钙离子信号通路等相关的基因。

The cloning of bar gene is important to plant transgenic engineering, gene expression and studying physiology.In the experiment, the full code sequence of bar gene was cloned by PCR from transgenic herbicide resistant Bobwhite wheat and checked. It was expressed in E.coli and its protein was determined.

本实验从抗除草剂转基因Bobwhite小麦中，利用PCR克隆的方法扩增出bar基因全长，并在原核表达系统中表达，鉴定表达蛋白的活性，将能够正确编码PPT乙酰转移酶的bar基因片段，经过适当的修饰构建入真核表达载体。

Primers used in PCR were designed based on the sequence of mitochondrial 16S rDNA (AJ250642 and AF312718) and beta-actin (AY910691) of Eriocheir sinensis which had been deposited in GenBank. PCR analysis using total DNA from muscle, branchia, testis and sperm indicated that 16S rDNA exhibited different expression in the four samples. Beta-actin gene was detected plentiful in all the four tissues/cells and exhibited the same expression pattern. 16S rDNA gene amplification was detected at high levels in muscle and branchia, appreciable low in testis and very low in sperm. The PCR products of 16S rDNA gene were sequenced and aligned with the sequence of 16S rDNA from GenBank (AJ250642 and AF3 12718), and the alignment result showed there was no difference between them.

通过GenBank中的中华绒鳌蟹线粒体16S rDNA序列设计引物，利用PCR扩增方法，以beta-actin做内参，检测了中华绒螯蟹肌肉、鳃、精巢和精子中线粒体16S rDNA扩增情况，发现各组织或细胞beta-actin扩增片段大小、条带宽度和亮度基本一致，表明各模板DNA量基本一致；而在同一DNA浓度下，16S rDNA的扩增片段长度虽一致，但其产物量存在明显差异，精子16s rDNA产物量显著低于其他3种组织，其条带宽度和亮度很弱；16S rDNA扩增产物经测序分析及比对证明与已有序列完全吻合。

①Location of WD gene in Ch inese: Using pairwise linkage analysis and multipoint linkage analysis method, w e constructed a genetic map of DNA markers within D13q14.2-3 which refined the location of WD gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite polymorphism analysis;②Screen for mutations of WD gene in Chinese people: we detected the structure of 21 exons of WD ge ne in 45 patients from 39 pedigrees by PCR-SSCP(Single strand conformation poly morphism) and PCR-DNA sequencing technology, found a new mutation in exon 5 and nuclcotide sequence analysis showed it is a T insertion. We also conformed the Arg778Leu in exon 8, the highest frequence mutation point in Chinese people, wit h mutation rate 22.8%in total;③Carrier detection and presymptomatic diagnosi s of WD: Based on DNA recombination technology, we peformed successfully the gen e diagnosis in all individuals of 79 families with WD and built up a helpful spe cific enzyme cut method (PCR-Msp1) to detect the carrier and presympomatic patients in Chinese pe ople with WD.

①WD的基因定位研究：通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析，应用两位点及多位点连锁软件，建立了中国人WD基因在D13q14.2-3区域的精细遗传连锁图谱，从而首次对中国人WD基因进行了精确定位；②WD基因突变研究：应用PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术，对39个家系45名WD患者进行该致病基因的21个外显子突变筛选，发现WD基因5号外显子存在新的T插入突变，并证实中国人WD基因的突变热点为8号外显子，突变形式为Arg778Leu，其频率为22.8%；③WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出：应用DNA重组技术对79个家系进行基因诊断，成功地进行了WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出，并建立了WD的基因筛选的PCR-Msp 1酶切方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。