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Different plant expression vectors had been respectively transferred into upland cotton cultivars Jinman12, Jinmian7, Xinluzao1 and Jihe321 via Agrobacterium tumfaciens transformation. These vectors carried cryIAc3 gene, which encodes Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, under the control of chimeric OM promoter, CaMV 35S promoter, and cotton leaf curl virus RP promoter respectively; snowdrop lectin gene (Galanthus nivals agglutinin, gna) trans-regulated by rolC promoter controlled TGAla factor; and multivalent expression construct of both cryIAc3-cpti fusion gene and gna gene. A large number of transgenic plants and their progenies had been obtained.

为了提高外源基因的表达量，延缓害虫产生耐受性，本文通过将携带有分别在高效复合OM启动子，CaMV35S启动子及棉花曲叶病毒RP启动子控制下的苏云金杆菌杀虫毒蛋白基因cryIAc3；反式调节因子增强韧皮部表达的雪花莲外源凝集素(Galanthus nivals agglutinin，GNA)基因；以及同时含有cryIAc3、豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因和gna三价抗虫基因的植物表达载体，以根农杆菌介导法分别将这些表达载体导入了陆地棉新陆早1号、晋棉7号、晋棉12号和冀合321等我国西北棉花主要栽培品种，经体细胞胚再生获得了大批转基因再生植株。

The invention clones geranyl pyrophosphate synthase GGPPS gene from the ginkgo to construct plant expression vectors which contain ggpps gene, the ggpps gene is inducted into immature embryos of the ginkgo to induct out the callus tissue by the mediating of agrobacterium tumefaciens, PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR detect the conformation and expression status of exogenous target gene ggpps, high-performance liquid chromatography and an evaporative light-scattering detector are employed to determine the terpene lactones content inside the callus tissue of the ginkgo, and the obtained callus tissue of the ginkgo of which the terpene lactones content is increased is screened.

本发明从银杏中克隆香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶GGPPS基因，构建含ggpps基因的植物表达载体，用根癌农杆菌介导，将ggpps基因导入银杏幼胚并诱导出愈伤组织，PCR和半定量RT-PCR检测外源目的基因ggpps的整合和表达情况，高效液相色谱法及蒸发光散射检测器测定银杏愈伤组织中萜内酯含量，筛选获得银杏萜内酯含量提高的转基因银杏愈伤组织。

Then plant expression vector pBG128 contains a germin gene ,a Nptll gene as the selectable marker and a B -gluceronidase gene as the reporter gene.

但反向克隆的重组子得到的小片段大小为1，567bp，正向克隆的重组子所得的小片段大小为968bp，并命名正向克隆的重组子为pBG128。

The partial nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment showed high homology with the essential spectrin gene of Caenorhabditis elegans and the erythrocyte surface antigen gene of Plasmodium falciparum , when the gene fragment was homologically analyzed in GenBank.

与GenBank中的基因进行同源性分析，其部分核苷酸序列与秀丽隐杆线虫红细胞膜内蛋白和恶性疟原虫红细胞表面抗原高度同源

Gene-activated matrix technology is a non-viral gene therapy strategy. Though with less impressive gene transfer efficiency than viral gene therapy, it has been used to deliver osteogenic factors locally and promote bone regeneration in long bones. The minimal safety concerns of GAM support its use in non-life-threatening conditions such as craniofacial osseous defects. However, the uses of GAM technology in intramembranous bone are largely unexplored.

活化基因基质技术是一种非病毒性的基因疗法，虽基因转移之效率一般不如病毒性基因疗法，但曾被用来局部产生骨生成因子而促进长骨缺损骨再生，其安全性高，应适於治疗颅颜骨缺损等不具生命危险性的状况，惟至今在膜内骨之相关研究仍甚少。

In this study, insect-resistant cry1Ah gene and glyphosate-toleranct 2mG2-epsps gene was used to construct an insect-resistant/glyphosate-tolerance bivalent plant expression vector, glyphosate isopropylamine salt as a screening agent, 2mG2-epsps gene as a selectable maker gene, the vector was transfer into maize immature embryonic calli by microprojectile bombardment, 80 T0 transformed plants were obtained.

本研究利用抗虫基因cry1Ah和耐草甘膦基因2mG2-epsps构建了双价植物表达载体，通过基因枪轰击转化玉米，以2mG2-epsps为筛选标记基因，以草甘膦异丙胺盐作为筛选剂，获得到了抗性较好的T0代转化植株80株。

To study the transcription expression law of Musclin gene and Lipogenic gene in muscle of the cadmium poisoning mice regulated by Vc. The experiment adopted RT-PCR detection method to study the variety of expression level of mice Musclin gene and Lipogenic gene (FAS, PPARγ, TGH).

为探讨维生素C调控Cd中毒小鼠骨骼肌中Musclin基因及生脂基因的转录表达规律，用RT-PCR方法研究小鼠Musclin基因及生脂基因(FAS、PPARγ、TGH)表达水平的变化。

The results showed that resistant gene Ht in F1 heterozygote was the most effective on controlling spots number and size; all monogene in heterozygote could produce spore by moisture culture and resistant gene Ht1 was the most effective; resistant gene Ht1 in medium level, Ht3 in high level, and Ht in low level of vertical resistance of heterozygote, were the most effective on controlling spots spread; while Ht2 in high level of vertical resistance of heterozygote was the most ineffective on controlling spots spread; and all resistant monogene in heterozygote showed superior to their parents on controlling incubation period and gene Ht was more significant than other genes.

结果表明，抗性单基因Ht处于F1代杂合状态时，控制病斑数和病斑面积的效应最强；单基因处于杂合状态时，湿培48h病斑全部能产生分生孢子，且处于同一水平抗性杂合状态时，Ht1控制产孢量的效应最强；Ht1处于中水平、Ht3处于高水平和Ht、处于低水平垂直抗性杂合状态下，控制病斑扩展效应最强；而Ht2处于高水平垂直抗性杂合状态下，控制病斑扩展效应最弱；抗性单基因处于杂合状态下，控制潜伏期多表现超亲现象，Ht控制病害潜伏期比其它单基因显著。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

The cry8C gene from Bt strain HBF-1 was cloned and sequenced. There was one amino acid difference with cry8Cal gene from Bt strain Buibui and it was designed as cry8Ca2 gene (AY518201) by International Bt Insecticidal Protein Gene Nomenclatural Committee.

从菌株HBF-1中克隆的cry8C基因与cry8Cal基因有一个氨基酸的差异，被国际Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会命名为cry8Ca2基因。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。