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Kanzawa pointed, the abdominal vertebra BMD of PTH gene individuals in BB genetype is obviously higher than those of Bb and bb genetype,so he considered that the BstBI polymorphism of PTH gene has dependability with BMD while the DraⅡpolymorphism of PTH gene has no dependablity with BMD.3 The polymorphism of estrogen receptor gene and postmenopausal osteoporosisPMOP is a metabolic bone disease existing in post-menopause femmes, as a result of these femmes\' hypofunction of ovary,ESG level drawdown and the disequilibrium of bone couple procedure,the bone resorption of osteoclast exceeds the bone formation of osteoblastic,osteopenia and bone fragility accrescence have developed,then induces fracture and so on.

Kanzawa等研究发现，BB型PTH基因人的腰椎BMD较Bb、bb型显著为高，认为PTH基因BstBⅠ多态性与BMD有相关性；但PTH基因DraⅡ多态性则与BMD无相关性。三雌激素受体基因多态性与绝经后骨质疏松绝经后骨质疏松是指绝经后妇女由于体内卵巢功能低下，雌激素水平低落，骨偶联过程失衡，破骨细胞的骨吸收大于成骨细胞的骨形成作用所导致的骨量减少，骨脆性增加，进而易于发生骨折的代谢性骨疾病。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Genetic analysis were carried out to identify powdery mildew and strip rust resistance genes in the F2 of Am6-4 amphiploid and wheat variety Jinan17. Results showed that resistances to powdery mildew and stripe rust were controlled by a single dominant gene respectively. 124 SSR primers from genome D were used for marker analysis, marker Xgwm98 150(150为下标) from the chromosome 6D was found to be linked to the new powdery mildew resistance gene with a linkage distance 20.42 cM; A special DNA band was amplified by primere xgwm33 in resistant stripe rust plants, resistance gene for stripe rust was localized on chromosome 1D, and the genetic distance between resistance gene and marker is 8.0 cM.

利用Am6-4与济南17F2分离群体进行白粉病和条锈病抗性基因的遗传分析结果证明，Am6-4中的抗白粉病和抗条锈病基因均为单显性基因；以124对D基因组SSR引物进行标记分析，引物Xgwm98在抗白粉病DNA池和单株中能扩增出特异标记带，标记与抗白粉病基因间的遗传距离为20.42cM，并将抗白粉病基因定位于6D染色体；引物Xgwm33能在抗条锈病DNA池和单株中扩增出特异标记带，标记与抗条锈病基因间的遗传距离为8.0cM，并将抗条锈病基因定位于1D染色体。

After the RT-PCR detection of the total RNA from heart tissue, we found that the CD59 gene and MCP gene were expressed. 4. The CD59 gene and MCP gene were mixed with liposome, then used to produce transgenic swine by 3 methods. Firstly, the gene/ liposome complex was directly injected into male swine's testis. The transfected males copulated with 8 females each 44 days later.

其中睾丸注射法处理公猪1头，44d后配母猪8头，7头受孕，产仔73头，结果检测到PCR阳性猪3头(阳性率4.3%)；输精管注射法处理公猪3头，8d后配母猪3头，0头受孕；外源基因/精子共孵育法处理公猪4头，处理母猪4头，1头受孕，产仔11头，结果检测到PCR阳性猪1头(阳性率9%)。

Meanwhile, in order to explore the stability of gene expression and the properties of gene-modified bone marrow cells further, we have observed the capability of reconstituting hematopoietic system of gene-modified and the expression of transduced gene in vivo by using of BMT to engraft lethally irradiated mouse with the gene-modified bone marrow cells.

同时，为进一步探讨转导细胞基因表达的稳定性以及生物学特征，本实验通过骨髓移植的方法，将基因标记骨髓细胞移植给受致死量照射小鼠，观察了基因转导细胞重建体内造血的能力，以及造血重建后外源基因在脾结节及骨髓细胞的表达。

This thesis with lie to lead to acquire through the agriculture rod bacteria of turn the gene paddy rice T0 and a seeds in order to experiment the material, the adoption PCR examination and Southerns are miscellaneous to hand over the examination to combine together of method, pass the examination conversion plant posterity in the HPT( the Hygromycin phosphotransferase) gene, study the outside source gene in turn the gene paddy rice posterity of separation circumstance and heredity stability;Pass the influence to a form of form of the conversion plant carries on statistics to learn the analysis, studying the outside source gene to the conversion the sex form of plant.

本论文以通过农杆菌介导获得的转基因水稻T0和T1代种子为试验材料，采用PCR检测和Southern杂交检测相结合的方法，通过检测转化植株后代中HPT基因，研究外源基因在转基因水稻后代中的分离情况和遗传稳定性；通过对转化植株的表型性状进行统计学分析，研究外源基因对转化植株的性状的影响。

This study was conducted to clone the sheepβ-lactoglobulin gene and the human myelomonocytic surface differentiation antigen CD14 gene (hCD14) by PCR, and this two gene were fused to construct oBLG-hCD14 fuse gene, this fuse gene were microinjected into pronuclei of mouse eggs to produce transgenic mouse.

本研究拟利用PCR和分子克隆技术，首先获得绵羊β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列片段和人CD14基因（hCD14）全程编码序列，并构建oBLG-hCD14融合基因，最后利用微量注射法将融合基因导入小鼠受精卵以产生转基因小鼠。

Northern blotting analysis indicated that 5 genes, nitrate transporter gene, nitrite reductase gene, ammonium transporter gene, ATP-binding cassette transporter gene, and purine permease gene, were significantly up-regulated under nitrogen starvation.

Northern blotting验证其中5个基因，包括硝酸盐转运蛋白基因、铁氧化还原蛋白亚硝酸还原酶基因、铵盐转运蛋白基因、结合ATP盒的转运蛋白基因和嘌呤透过酶基因，在缺氮诱导条件下转录水平有明显上调。

New laccase gene and its full-length cDNA were clone from genomic library and equalized cDNA library of Ganoderma lucidum. Similarity between the sequence and other laccase gene were analyszed with NCBI blast, the results show that the new gene belong to multicopper oxidases gene family and have 60-70% Similarity with other laccase gene.

从灵芝的基因组文库和cDNA均一化文库中克隆了灵芝的漆酶基因和全长cDNA，并通过NCBI Conserved Domain Search氨基酸序列的相似性分析及与其它真菌漆酶之间的相似性分析，证明得到的蛋白是一种新的multicopper oxidases，其蛋白质序列与其它已克隆漆酶基因的同源性在6 0～7 0％之间，并对论文克隆的漆酶基因的启动子和终止子进行了分析。

Green fluorescent protein gene was conjugated to the 3 end of the PAP gene in order to screen easily of the transgenic cotton plants. The combined gene was cloned into plant expression vector pBI121 and then transformed. About 5000 seeds of the transgenic cotton were obtained and the some seedlings of the transgenic cotton could give a bright green fluorescence in the dark condition when the cotton seedlings were irradiated with ultraviolet rays. This result reflected that the GFP gene was expressed in the transgenic cotton; dot-blot result also demonstrated that PAP gene was exactly transformed into the cotton. The capacity of the Verticillium dahliae-resistance is being analyzed.

为了便于转基因棉花后代的筛选，在 PAP基因的 3'端融入了绿色荧光蛋白GFP）基因，然后将融合基因克隆在植物表达载体PBI 121上，再进行遗传转化，得转基因棉花种子5000余粒，将种子播种长到于叶展开时，先在黑暗中用紫外灯照射，查找表现绿色荧光的幼苗，然后再用地高辛标记的PAP基因特异性探针对这些棉花进行点杂交，最后发现有8株棉花表现阳性反应，说明PAP基因的确己经转到了棉花的基因组中，其棉花黄萎病的抗性鉴定正在进行之中。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。