查询词典 G-clamp

Let G be a finite group, and S a subset of G not containing theidentity element 1. The Cayley digraph Cay on G with respect to S is definedas a directed graph with vertex set G and edge set {|g∈G, s∈S}. IfS~(-1)=S, then Cay is undirected and in this case, we view two directededges and as an undirected edge {u, v}. Obviously, the right regularrepresentation R of G, the acting group of G by right multiplication, is asubgroup of the full automorphism group AutCay(G, S of Cay.

给定有限群G，设S是G的不含单位元1的子集，群G关于子集S的Cayley有向图Cay是一个以G顶点集合，而以｛|g∈G，s∈S｝为边集合的有向图，特别地，若S~(-1)=S，则X=Cay是无向的，此时我们把一条无向边｛u，v｝等同于两条有向边和，易见，群G的右正则表示R，即G在G上的右乘作用，为图Cay的全自同构群AutCay

For ryegrass, it was 127.10 Li g/g in yellow brown earth, 10.82 Li gig in yellow fluvo- aquic earth , 13.46 ii g/g in luvic chernozem soil and 232.62 ii g/g in red earth respectively. For rice, it was 173.20 ii g/g in paddy soil.

植株正常生长的体内稀土浓度也因土壤类型不同而显差异，黑麦草黄棕壤上为127.10μg/g、黄潮土上为10.82μg/g、黑钙土上为13.46μg/g、红壤上为232.62μg/g，黄棕壤上水稻植株为173.20μg/g。

In leaves,the concentration of Cd and Cu been up to 168.6μg·g~(-1) and 30.1μg·g~(-1),while in roots, they have been to 610.9μg·g~(-1) and 384.6μg·g~(-1).In these concentration compages,the leaves could accumulate Cd at a high rate,Cd50mg·g~(-1) Cu50 mg·g~(-1),Cd80mg·g~(-1) Cu30 mg·g~(-1),Cd80mg·g~(-1) Cu50 mg·g~(-1).At the concentration of Cd50mg·g~(-1) Cu50 mg·g~(-1), Iris pseudacorus L. could accumulate Cd and Cu at a high rate:inleaves,Cd82.908μg·g~(-1), Cu30.722μg·g~(-1),in roots, Cd266.181μg·g~(-1), Cu395.83μg·g~(-1),and at this concentration the plant could grow well, the dry weight of leaves and roots of it were 64.3% and 81.1% of the concentration compage Cd0mg·g~(-1 Cu50 mg·g~(-1)s.

研究表明，①黄菖蒲对Cd、Cu均有较强的吸收积累能力，其中对Cd的吸收积累能力相对大于Cu：地上部Cd、Cu含量最高分别达168.6μg·g~(-1)和30.1μg·g~(-1)，根部Cd、Cu含量最高分别达610.9μg·g~(-1)和384.6μg·g~(-1)；黄菖蒲地上部分Cd积累量均随处理浓度的升高而增加，特别在处理Cd50mg·g~(-1) Cu50mg·g~(-1)组合胁迫下，黄菖蒲对Cd、Cu的积累量为：叶的Cd含量为82.908μg·g~(-1)，Cu为30.722μg·g~(-1)；根的Cd含量为266.181μg·g~(-1)，Cu395.83μg·g~(-1)，且生长良好，叶和根的干重分别为处理Cd0mg·g~(-1) Cu50 mg·g~(-1)的64.3％和81.1％。

In batch cultures, glucose, xylose and arabinose in cornhusk dilute acid hydrolysate after detoxification were consumed by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113, when the total sugar concentration was 50 g/L in medium, the final succinic acid concentration of 34.2 g/L was obtained, resulting in a succinic acid yield of 0.68 g/g and a succinic acid productivity of 0.83 g/. When the total sugar concentration was 68.2 g/L in medium, the succinic acid concentration was 42.3g/L, the yield was 0.62g/g, and productivity was 0.98 g/.

经过脱毒处理后，产琥珀酸放线杆菌 NJ113均能利用水解液中的葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖，培养基总糖浓度为50 g/L时，丁二酸分批发酵的质量收率可达0.68 g/g，浓度可达34.2 g/L，生产强度达0.83 g/，总糖浓度为68.2 g/L时，丁二酸质量收率仍可达0.62 g/g，浓度42.3 g/L，生产强度0.98 g/。

The hydrogen production potential of rice straw is 76.1mL/g TS, 90.5mL/g VS; corn straw is 90.9mL/g TS, 95.4 mL/g VS; barley straw is 95.2 mL/g TS, 102.9 mL/g VS; wheat straw is 29.7 mL/g TS, 31.1 mL/g VS; horsebean straw is 67.9 mL/g TS, 76.4 mL/g VS; soybean straw is 31.0 mL/g TS, 32.6 mL/g VS; pig dung is 162.4 mL/g TS, 202.7 mL/g VS; cow dung is 40.5 mL/g TS, 51.4 mL/g VS; chicken dung is 42.0 mL/g TS, 63.6 mL/g VS; horse dung is 31.4 mL/g TS, 37.4 mL/g VS.

其中，稻草的产氢潜力为：76.1mL／g·TS，90.5mL／g·VS；玉米秆的产氢潜力为：90.9mL／g·TS，95.4mL／g·VS；大麦秆的产氢潜力为：95.2mL／g·TS，102.9mL／g·VS；小麦秆的产氢潜力为：29.7mL／g·TS，31.1mL／g·VS；蚕豆秆的产氢潜力为：67.9mL／g·TS，76.4mL／g·VS；黄豆秆的产氢潜力为：31.0mL／g·TS，32.6mL／g·VS；猪粪的产氢潜力为：162.4mL／g·TS，202.7mL／g·VS；牛粪的产氢潜力为：40.5mL／g·TS，51.4mL／g·VS；鸡粪的产氢潜力为：42.0 mL／g·TS，63.6 mL／g·VS；马粪的产氢潜力为：31.4mL／g·TS，37.4 mL／g·VS。

The physical and chemical properties of DF from the white trumpet lily and tiger lily were analyzed to be water-binding capacity 4.1mL/g and 3.5mL/g, dilatability 6.5mL/g and 6.1mL/g, combining water capacity 7.1 g/g and 6.5g/g, exchangeable cation capacity 0.73 mmol/g and 0.83 mmol/g, and fat binding capacity 4.4mL/g and 5.2mL/g, respectively.

麝香百合和卷丹膳食纤维的理化特性分别是：持水力4.1mL／g和3.5mL／g，溶胀性6.5mL／g和6.1mL／g，结合水力7.1g／g和6.5g／g，阳离子交换能力0.73mmol／g和0.83mmol／g，结合脂肪能力4.4mL／g和5.2mL／g。

Hystrix at 25℃(S. pistillata: 0.0126±0.0045 g/g*day; S. hystrix: 0.0253±0.0081 g/g*day) were significantly higher than those at 28℃(S. pistillata: 0.0066±0.0027 g/g*day; S. hystrix: 0.0083±0.0046 g/g*day) and 20℃(S. pistillata: 0.0058±0.0014 g/g*day; S. hystrix: 0.0047±0.0022 g/g*day).The mean growth rates of S. hystrix in two mesocosms at 25℃ were similar and significantly higher than those of S.

结果发现，萼柱珊瑚和尖枝列孔珊瑚群体的平均生长率在25℃(萼柱珊瑚：0.0126±0.0045 g/g*day；尖枝列孔珊瑚：0.0253±0.0081 g/g*day)皆显著地高於28℃(萼柱珊瑚：0.0066±0.0027 g/g*day；尖枝列孔珊瑚：0.0083±0.0046 g/g*day)和20℃(萼柱珊瑚：0.0058±0.0014 g/g*day；尖枝列孔珊瑚：0.0047±0.0022 g/g*day)，显示25℃较适合这两种珊瑚的生长。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Results The contents of potassium, magnesium, protein, total reducing sugars, vitamin C, vitamin B1 were655μg/g, 9.16μg/g, 10.06 g/100 g, 9.78 g/100 g, 3.88 g/100 g and 1.45 g/100 g , respectively.

结果钾含量为655μg/g，镁9.16μg/g，蛋白质10.06 g/100 g，总还原糖9.78 g/100 g，维生素C 3.88 mg/100 g、维生素B11.45 mg/100 g ，其他营养成分含量也很高。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失