查询词典 Fresnel integral

In this thesis the process of constructing the non-perturbative Hamiltonian theory is de-scribed and is applied to estimate the vacuum condensate. It contains the following contents:At the very beginning, by using the path integral method and eliminating the gluon freedom, aGCM action 〓 of current quarks including lower order current-current coupling was derivedfrom the QCD Lagrangian and the effective Hamiltonian operator that could hardly be doneby the normal methods was derived. After doing this, the broken vacuum is introduced whichincludes quark-antiquark condensate through the generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation,the effective Hamiltonian of constituent quark was derived. The detailed formulas containingthe spatial current-current coupling term for the effective Hamiltonian and gap equations wasworked out by parameterizing the correlation kernel as a quadratic potential. And then, the gapequation was solved and the quark-antiquark condensate of vacuum was studied both in the casesof instantaneous interaction and retarded interaction. In the end, the effective Hamiltionian withtwo-body quark-quark interaction was derived with one-body approximation, and with the helpof the functional integral method the coupling non-linear dynamic equations for systems withnuclear matter was derived. Finally, these equations were solved by selfconsistent method andthe effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied. The spatial current-current coupling term is too difficult to handle, hence the correlationkernel is assumed to be not important and usually omitted in the pure vacuum condensate, andthe instantaneous interaction generally is adopted. Retaining the spatial current-current termand partial retardation effect, the quark pairs condensate in pure vacuum was studied, and theeffect of quark mass was also studied. At present, little study is focused in the case with nuclearmatter and spatial current-current term also omitted. Under the approximation with partialspatial current-current term, the effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied.

本论文描述了量子色动力学整体色对称模型哈密顿量方法的构建过程，得到了反映正反夸克对凝聚真空结构的关于组分夸克的有效哈密顿量算符，它隐含了胶子作用，并且准确至流-流耦合项；接着，通过参数化哈密顿量中的夸克作用关联核，导出平方禁闭势参数化选择的哈密顿量的具体公式和能隙方程；随后，应用公式，编程求解，考察了瞬时作用下和部分延迟作用下真空的正反夸克对凝聚，在计算中保留了空间流-流耦合作用；之后，导出瞬时势和延迟势下包含二体作用项的哈密顿量公式，并采用单体化近似，通过泛函变分方法得到核物质存在时耦合的非线性动力学方程；在保留部分空间双流耦合作用的近似下，求解核物质的动力学方程，考察核物质密度对真空凝聚的影响，以往考察真空凝聚，对关联核的选用，由于空间流-流耦合项不易处理，也认为作用不大，常忽略该项，并且常采用瞬时作用；本文保留空间双流项和部分延迟作用，考察了真空情形的夸克对凝聚，还考察了夸克质量对纯真空凝聚的影响，以往对核物质存在情形的真空凝聚考察很少，也都忽略空间流-流项，本文在考虑部分空间流-流项近似下，考察了核物质存在对真空凝聚的影响。

The distribution of integral proteins within the membrane can be studied by electron microscopy may be used to follow the movement of two proteins from different cells folfusion the two integral proteins are found segregated at either end of the heterokaryon but with time diffuse to all areas of the cell surface .

内在蛋白在膜内的分布可用冰冻蚀刻电子显微术来观察。

Image sequence of images for each frame along the horizontal and vertical direction integral projection formed two integral projection Vector and applications based on the one-dimensional gradient estimated translation technology, thereby obtaining accurate two-dimensional space on the volume of translation.

将图像序列中的每一帧图像分别沿水平和垂直方向进行积分投影形成两个积分投影向量，并应用基于梯度的一维平移估计技术处理，从而精确地获取二维空间上的平移量。

We obtained a kind of sufficient condition for 2-harmonic submanifolds becoming minimal submanifolds in hyperbolic space and an integral inequality like Simons integral inequality.

得到了双曲空间中2-调和子流形成为极小子流形的一个充分条件，以及一个Simons型积分不等式。

Simons [30] proved the non-existence theorem for stable integral current in acompact Riemannian submanifold isometrically immersed into a unit sphere andvanishing theorem for homology groups. In 1984, Y. L. Xin [47] generalized theLawson-Simon\'s nonexistence theorem for stable integral current and vanishingtheorem for homology groups to the case of compact submanifolds in Euclideanspace, and gave several important applications.

Simons运用Federer-Fleming存在性定理[19]和几何测度论中变分技巧证明了单位球面中紧致黎曼子流形上稳定积分流的不存在性定理和同调群消没定理[30]。1984年，忻元龙将Lawson-Simons稳定积分流的不存在性定理和同调群消没定理拓广到了欧氏空间中紧致子流形的情形，并给出了若干重要的应用[47]。1997年，K。

Simons [30] proved the non-existence theorem for stable integral current in acompact Riemannian submanifold isometrically immersed into a unit sphere andvanishing theorem for homology groups. In 1984, Y. L. Xin [47] generalized theLawson-Simons nonexistence theorem for stable integral current and vanishingtheorem for homology groups to the case of compact submanifolds in Euclideanspace, and gave several important applications.

Simons运用Federer-Fleming存在性定理[19]和几何测度论中变分技巧证明了单位球面中紧致黎曼子流形上稳定积分流的不存在性定理和同调群消没定理[30]。1984年，忻元龙将Lawson-Simons稳定积分流的不存在性定理和同调群消没定理拓广到了欧氏空间中紧致子流形的情形，并给出了若干重要的应用[47]。1997年，K。

The improper integral of stochastic loads is approximately calculated by use of Gauss-Laguerre integral formula.

仿真结果表明所提出的模型和计算方法是有效的。

We say that the corresponding improper integral converges. Otherwise, the integral is said to diverge.

这时也称反常积分收敛；如果上述极限不存在，就称反常积分发散。

Integral of one variable functions, improper integral and its convergence properties.

本课程的主要内容包括：1 各种极限运算，其中包括数列极限、函数极限以及上、下极限；2 一元函数的微分学，包括微分和导数的运算法则、微分中值定理及其应用等；3 一元函数的积分和广义积分及其收敛性；4 级数及其收敛性，包括数值级数的收敛性和函数项级数的各种运算和性质；5 多元函数的微分学及其应用，其中很多方面与一元函数的微分学近似，需要注意它们之间的区别；6 多元函数的积分学，包括多重积分的性质与计算，多重积分的的应用等；7 曲线、曲面积分及其应用；8 含参变量积分的计算与性质；9 Fourier 级数及其应用，等等。

We say that the corresponding improper integral converges.Otherwise ,the integral is siad to diverge.

这时也称反常积分收敛；如果上述极限不存在，函数在无穷区间上的反常积分就没有意义，习惯上称为反常积分发散。

Methods Clinical data of 3 cases of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively.

回顾总结3例LC术中胆管损伤的临床资料，分析3例胆管损伤的原因及对策。

These techniques are applied to the gobang.

本文将这些技术用于五子棋中。