查询词典 Empire Cinema

In the beginning of 6th century, under pressure from the Turkish Empire, Avars marched westwards into east Europe, extorted lots of gold and silk from Byzantine Empire with their strong military power in Balkan region, and then controlled the silk trade along the Black Sea.

随着隋朝统一中国北方，突厥帝国失去了利用中国分裂的政治形势来进行丝绸贸易从中获得巨额利润的条件，在隋帝国的军事反击和&远交近攻&的战略面前，突厥帝国无法再从丝绸贸易中获利，从而导致内部矛盾激化，最终分裂为东西两部分，但是隋帝国却没有力量消灭突厥。

Born in Besan on, France, in 1802, Hugo grew up in the years of Napoleon Bonaparte's empire.In 1815 the empire collapsed at the battle of Waterloo, which Hugo describes in detail in Les Misérables, and a constitutional monarchy was established.

雨果1802年出生在法国的贝尚松，成长在拿破仑波拿巴帝国时期。1815年，拿破仑王朝在滑铁卢战役中灭亡，雨果在悲惨世界中对这场战争做了详细的描述，一个君主立宪制的国家随之建立。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，&国家&代替&帝国&，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

In this text, the author put the Khazar Empire on the specific historical period to investigate, emphatically give prominence to the historical status of the Khazar Empire and the transmited function of its civilization.

笔者在文中将哈扎尔帝国放在特定的历史时期进行考察，着重突出哈扎尔帝国的历史地位及其哈扎尔文明的传递作用。

In addition, the Khazar Empire carried on the religious tolerant policies, Judaism, Christianity, Islamism and the other religious coexisted in the empire for a long time.

此外，哈扎尔帝国还采取宗教宽容政策，犹太教、基督教、伊斯兰教及其他的宗教信仰都在帝国内部长期并存。

Its political structure mainly inherited the"dual monarchy"from Western Turkish Empire, so it was also called"Khazar Kaganate". From the middle of the 7th century to the beginning of 11 centuries, the empire controled the important transportation pivot between East and West, which commercial trade activity was especially prospering, and the tithe and customs duties were important sources of revenue for its national treasury.

其政治结构主要承袭自西突厥帝国的&双王制&，故又被称为&哈扎尔汗国&。7世纪中叶至11世纪初，该帝国控制着东西方重要的交通枢纽，商业贸易活动尤为繁荣，海关税和商业什一税就是其国库收入最重要的来源。

The author comes to some conclusions as follow: The Khanate of Kipchak kept the submissive relation to the house of the grand khan and supported the supreme khan of Mongol Empire in the inner politics and the policy to the outside, which gave certain supports to the early communication in the Mongol Yuan dynasty; The Khanate of Kipchak should account for the stop of the communication caused by the foundation of the Khanate of Ogotai which had been supported by the Khanate of Kipchak during the period of the reign from Berke to Mangu Timur; The short-time stop of the communication was also Mongolian central government"s tragedy. The relationships of the Khanate of Kipchak to Yuan dynasty began to become normal during the course of the reign of Tuda Mangu ,Tula-buqa and Toqatai khan, in which the Khanate of Kipchak gave certain devotions to "peace" of the Mongol Khanates. Their relations had been best after the separation of Mongol Empire during the time of ozbeg and Janibeg"s reign which was. the rush hour of our economic and cultural intercourses with the Khanate of Kipchak and other west countries. The development of the relationships to Egypt accelerated the intercourses between this two countries, which indirectly widened the ways of the Sino-Arab communication in the economy and cultures. The relations to Ire Khanate had been very bad for a long time. This stopped the convergence of the Steppe Silk Roads and the Oasis Silk Roads. In other side, this helped the intercourses between Ire Khanate and Christian Europe.

本文认为，蒙古帝国时期，无论在内政还是外交方面，钦察汗国都维护着蒙古大汗的权威，保持着与蒙古大汗廷的臣属关系，这为蒙元早期中西经济文化交流需要的条件做出了一定贡献；别儿哥至忙哥帖木儿统治时期，钦察汗国应对因窝阔台汗国的崛起而导致的中西交通的阻断负一定责任，但这同时也是蒙古中央政府的悲哀；脱脱蒙哥至脱脱统治时期，两国关系开始逐渐恢复，钦察汗国为蒙古诸汗国的&约和&贡献了自己的力量；月即别和札尼别统治时期是两国关系的最密切时期，也是双方经济文化交流和中西交通的高峰期；钦察汗国与埃及关系的发展，一定程度地拓宽了中阿经济文化交流的渠道；钦察汗国与伊利汗国关系恶化和长期的紧张，一方面阻碍了草原丝路与绿洲丝路的交汇，另一方面促进了伊利汗国与欧洲的经济文化交流。

The transformation from city states to empire was realized gradually during the formation and the development of the Jun-Xian system and the province system which in return played an important part in the perishment of citystates and building up empire.

秦统一后，六国故地和秦地一样成为郡县，六国遗民和秦人一样成为黔首；而罗马行省及其人民与罗马人民的地位则有很大差别。

Zichuan Yuanxing, the former prime minister of Zichuan Empire and a celebrated general, once said:"Without Warran Fortress, the empire would have been toppled twenty times."

家族前代总长、一时名将紫川远星曾说过：&如果没有瓦伦，我们早灭亡了二十次。&

Behind her is a vast empire , and she can make common cause with the British Empire , which commands the seas and is continuing the struggle.

它背后有一个幅员广大的帝国，还可以同掌握制海权正在继续奋斗的大英帝国联合起来。

Methods Clinical data of 3 cases of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively.

回顾总结3例LC术中胆管损伤的临床资料，分析3例胆管损伤的原因及对策。

These techniques are applied to the gobang.

本文将这些技术用于五子棋中。