查询词典 DNA

Generally, B in the configuration closest cell's DNA conformation, it and the double helix model are similar. A-DNA and when RNA member double helix area as well as duplication forms the DNA-RNA hybrid molecule conformation is close. Z-DNA take the nucleotide dimer as the unit left-hand winding, its principal chain assumes the denticle the shape, therefore.

一般认为，B构型最接近细胞中的DNA构象，它与双螺旋模型非常相似。A－DNA与RNA分子中的双螺旋区以及转录时形成的DNA－RNA杂交分子构象接近。Z－DNA以核苷酸二聚体为单元左向缠绕，其主链呈锯齿形，故名。

A TYLCCNV DNAβhybrid having TbCSV DNAββC1 lost the ability to elicit the vein thickening and enation phenotypes.On the other hand,TbCSV DNAβ hybrids containing TYLCCNV DNAβpC1 or the AP fragment failed to induce the characteristic vein thickening and enations.

嵌合有TbCSV DNAββC1的TYLCCNV DNAβ丧失了诱导脉增厚和耳突表型的能力；嵌合有TYLCCNV DNAββC1或AP片段的TbCSV DNAβ也不能诱导植株产生典型的脉增厚和耳突。

The invention discloses a method to analyze fish genetic information with mitochondria DNA D-loop controlling zone, which comprises the following steps:(1) extracting genom DNA and mitochondria DNA of fish;(2) designing simple primer in fish mitochondria DNA D-loop controlling zone; possessing twenty one basic groups CAC CCY TRR CTC CCA AAG CYA in upstream primer MitD1-F; possessing twenty three basic groups GGT GCG GRK ACT TGC ATG TRT AA in downstream primer MitD1-R;(3) proceeding PCR reaction under the function of primer;(4) choosing agarose jel electrophoresis;(5) checking sequence for augment mtDNA D-loop gene fragment.

本发明公开了一种利用线粒体DNA D-loop控制区进行鱼类遗传信息分析的方法。它包括如下步骤：(1)分别提取鱼类基因组DNA和线粒体DNA；(2)在鱼类线粒体DNA D-loop控制区设计简并引物：其上游引物MitD1-F有21个碱基：CAC CCY TRR CTC CCA AAG CYA；下游引物MitD1-R有23个碱基：GGT GCG GRK ACT TGC ATG TRT AA；(3)在引物的作用下进行PCR反应；(4)琼脂糖凝胶电泳；(5)对扩增的mtDNA D-loop基因片断进行测序。

Replicas of DNA are made when the double helix unwinds as a result of helicase enzyme action and the separated strands serve as templates along which complementary nucleotides are assembled through the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase. The result of the two new molecules of DNA each containing one strand of the original molecule, and the process is termed semiconservative replication.

DNA 的复制在解旋酶解开 DNA 链时开始，解开的链作为模板 DNA 聚合酶的作用下结合相对应的核苷酸，最终形成了两条新的 DNA 的链，每一条的链含有一条链原来的 DNA 单链，因此又叫做半保留复制。

Semiconservative replication :The two strands of DNA double helix are separated, each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, producing two daughter molecules. Each daughter molecule has one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

半保留复制： DNA 生物合成时，母链 DNA 解开为两股单链，每股单链分别作为模板，以 dNTP(dATP 、 dGTP 、 dCTP 、 dTTP)为原料，按照碱基配对(A － T 、 G － C)规律与模板上的碱基配对，经依赖 DNA 的 DNA 聚合酶催化，合成一条与模板互补的新链，新形成的两个子代 DNA 与亲代 DNA 碱基序列一致，子代 DNA 分子中一股单链是从亲代完整地接受过来，另一股单链是新合成的，故称为半保留复制。

In order to explore the effect on DNA synthesis and DNA double-strand breaks by magnetic field, We chose a relatively simple uniform magnetic field, study the affect on DNA synthesis and DNA double-strand breaks by such magnetic field, conclused that this impact related to magnetic field strength.

为了研究磁场对DNA的合成速度和DNA双链断裂的影响，我们选择比较简单的均匀磁场，从理论上探讨了此种磁场对DNA合成速度和DNA断链的影响，得到其合成速度改变和双链断裂程度与磁场强度大小有关。

Methods①The animal model of braincontusion caused by free drop hammer was established.②The injuredtissue of rat brain were stained by TUNEL for apoptosis,immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3 and Feulgen"s for DNA. Image analysistechnique and the statistical method were employed to explorate thetemporal changes of injury time.③The DNA was extracted from ratcontusive tissue of brain and assayed by gel electrophoresis toinvestigate the relationship between the DNA fragmentation and injurytime.④One handred and seventeen cases of death from traumatic braininjury were retrospective researched to investigate the characteristicof TBI in forensic medicine.⑤The contusive tissue of human brain werestained by TUNEL, Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and Feulgen"s methodsin the same way to analyze and disclose the linear relationship betweentemporal changes with injury time.

方法①建立大鼠自由落体打击脑损伤模型；②对不同损伤时间组的大鼠脑挫伤组织进行TUNEL、Caspase-3免疫组化、Feulgen's DNA染色，结合图像分析技术和统计学分析，探讨脑挫伤后神经细胞凋亡、DNA片段化和含量的时序性变化；③提取大鼠脑挫伤组织DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析，观察DNA片段化随损伤时间的变化特点；④对117例颅脑损伤致死案例进行回顾性分析，探讨其法医学特点；⑤选择不同损伤时间的人脑挫伤组织同样进行TUNEL、Caspase-3免疫组化、Feulgen's DNA染色和分析，观察上述指标与损伤时间的关系。

It is well-known that for eucaryotic cells, DNA is located in the karyon and can not penetrate to the cytochylema and the tissue fluid because the cell membrane can act as barriers for DNA transportation. Therefore, the appearance of DNA in cell matrix and the serum can indicate that some diseases have taken place. A main reason for cancer occurrence is the mutation of DNA. It may cause the change of the sequence and expression of cancer suppressor genes.

真核细胞的DNA广泛的存在于细胞核内的染色体上，由于核膜的选择性通透作用，使DNA无法分散到其它细胞的亚器官，加之细胞膜的隔离效果，DNA更难扩散到细胞外基质中，因此细胞外基质中DNA含量的增加往往也会预示某些疾病的发生。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

Using the intact G1-nuclei prepared from an isogenic yeast strain lacking mitochondrial DNA , we demonstrated that the DNA synthesis observed within the first 10-20 min was largely due to mitochondrial DNA synthesis, whereas nuclear DNA synthesis did not begin until after a 10-20 min lag period.

利用从缺少线粒体DNA的菌株中制备的完整G1期细胞核，证明了最初10-20min的滞后期内的DNA合成主要是由线粒体DNA合成造成的，而核DNA合成是在经过10-20 min后才开始。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。