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Thisarticle attempts to study the formation, characteristics and humanistic implications ofChinese hymnody in three chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the formation anddevelopment of Chinese hymnody from the political, religious, and culturalperspectives. Chapter 2 analyzes the various features of Chinese hymnody anddemonstrates that Chinese hymnody is a synthesis of Chinese and western culture andmusic. Chapter 3 explains the value, significance and influence of Chinese hymnodytoday from cultural, progressive, and aesthetic perspectives.

第一章简介了中国基督教圣诗音乐生成的政治及宗教文化背景，指出其对中国基督教圣诗音乐的作用与影响，并梳理了中国基督教圣诗音乐本色化发展概况；第二章论述了中国基督教圣诗音乐的多样性及崇拜性表现特征，从词曲的来源、和声的民族化及在崇拜中的表现特征分析中国基督教圣诗音乐中西融汇的多元特征；第三章是从人文角度对中国基督教圣诗音乐的透视，从其文化内涵、现代性变迁及审美取向来三个方面阐明了中国基督教圣诗音乐在当代的价值、意义及影响。

For example:metaphor and cycle factors were never mentioned before;It is the important factor to analyse Chinese accient system reasonable core;the author emphasize that harmonious interhuman also is the important factors of reasonable core.Tochinese accient system ideas culture value,the passage proclaims the inner relationship between Chinese accient system idea and Chinese nation spirit and puts forward the point that Chinese accient system idea is the philosophy base of Chinese nation spirit,especially of partriotism sprit.if grasping this point,it undoubtly has reality meaning study and perform "three represents"essencial thought and reinforce nation sprit and partriotism education.

这些见解突出表现在，对中国古代系统观民族特色的概括有新的视角，如"隐喻性"、"圜道性"特色几乎未见有人提过；对中国古代系统观合理内核的分析，也摆脱了通常围绕自然系统观提法的框架，强调"人际和谐"人文系统观也是合理内核的重要因素，恰恰在这一点上，人们常常没有给以足够重视；对中国古代系统观的文化价值，作者有意没有给以全面展开，只是突出其中的几个方面加以简要分析，创新之处在于，揭示了中国古代系统观与中华民族精神之间的内在联系，提出中国古代系统观是中华民族精神特别是爱国主义精神的哲学思想底蕴这一观点，领悟和把握这一观点，对学习贯彻"三个代表"重要思想，加强民族精神特别是爱国主义精神教育无疑更具现实意义。

The basis of arguing the Chinese fast-food implication and development period, the development situation of modern Chinese fast-food, the meaning of study, current situation and laciness. The article examines the present situation through data from market research and field research, exploring the existing problems of the modern Chinese fast-food industry and analyzing what factors influence its growth. Finally it offers potential development methods, specifically selecting proper location, adopting franchising mode, establishing correct customer service and managerial methods, adopting the area strategy and the brand strategy. It is the writer hope that the article provides a meaningful idea that will aid in the improvement of both Chinese fast-food development theory and the modern Chinese fast-food industry.

论文在综述现代快餐业的含义及发展历程，现代中式快餐发展状况，现代中式快餐研究意义、现状及不足的基础上，采用对比法、列举事例法、数据法、市场抽样调查法、实地考查法等方法研究了长沙市现代中式快餐发展现状及存在问题，分析了影响长沙市现代中式快餐发展的主要因素，最后提山发展长沙市现代中式快餐的对策，即进行合理选址、采用特许经营模式、完善服务与管理、实施地域化战略、打造品牌等，以促进与西式快餐同台竞争的现代中式快餐的迅速发展。

Based on the survey of the current use of loanword use in Chinese society, specifically in Chinese publications, Chinese enterprise names and Chinese brand names, by adoption of language contact theory, this thesis has made a comprehensive and systematic study of English loanwords in modern Chinese.

本文通过调查社会上英语外来词的使用情况，调查的对象主要是中国的出版物，中国企业的名称以及中国品牌的名称，采用语言接触理论的分析方法，对现代汉语中的英语外来词进行了全面、系统的分析。

In the introduction, the condition of the importation and research of romanticism in Chinese in the first 50 years of the 20th century is reviewed, and there exist two main evils: On one hand, Chinese theorists tend to have some priori knowledge before their study, they always compare the so-called"original state"of romanticism in the western with the modern Chinese romanticism, thus they deny the possibility of Chinese romanticism. Under such condition, no-theoretical system of romanticism appeared in China, we have neither broken away from the hegemony of the western literature, nor have we grasped the modern Chinese romanticism in a whole. On the other hand, we hold a mechanical idea that romanticism develops itself from the conflict with the classicism、the realism、the modernism, so the essence of the romanticism is subjectively and lopsidedly established, that makes the concept of romanticism lose its function as a symbol.

在绪论中，主要回顾了20世纪前50年我国理论界对浪漫主义的引进与研究状况，引出了我们面前对浪漫主义研究中出现的两大弊端：一是理念的先验性，以所谓西方"原汁原味"的浪漫主义理念来比照、言说中国现代浪漫主义文学，从而形成了一种否定现代中国浪漫主义存在的理论倾向，既没有形成象勃兰兑斯对欧洲十九世纪浪漫主义的"本土式"的言说，没有真正摆脱西方文学霸权话语的阴影，形成自己的浪漫主义理论体系，也没有完成对现代中国浪漫主义的整体把握；二是以一种"意图伦理"的姿态，机械地认定浪漫主义是从与古典主义、现实主义和现代主义的冲突中建立起来的，主观而片面地确认中国现代浪漫主义的内涵，使浪漫主义概念越来越混乱而空泛，已经停止履行一个词语符号的功能。

At present the main business: Pieces of Chinese herbal medicines and health of Chinese medicine Chinese medicine, commonly used varieties include unpopular and not used a total of more than 2,000 kinds of Chinese medicine; varieties primarily on the basis of relations between the large-scale manufacturers need, at any time took the place of production orders for purchases from small-scale operation: Major Is the store sales, and the use of Chinese medicine to the nation units and individuals by mail, or train cars for shipment.

目前主要经营：中药材中药饮片及保健中药，品种囊括常用及不常用冷门中药共计二千多种；大规模品种主要根据关系生产厂家需要，随时代为办理从产地订货购货；小规模经营：主要是门市销售，及向全国中药使用单位及个人办理邮寄或火车汽车托运。

Along with the step of the economy globalization, finance liberalize and integration, as well as Chinese economy mercerization and Chinese join into WTO, Chinese commercial banks will be faced with development opportunities and challenges never existed before. At the same time, facing the opening of Chinese finance industry step by step and the entering of commercial banks abroad and their competition, the risk of Chinese commercial banks also has the trend of enlarging.

随着经济全球化、金融自由化和一体化以及中国经济市场化改革步伐的加快和中国加入WTO，中国银行业将面临前所未有的发展机遇与挑战；同时，随着中国金融业的逐步放开，面对国外商业银行的进入与竞争，中国商业银行的风险也有加大的趋势。

In the network JY played a year, I to have always been and then have no to feel the interpersonal exchanges, because I am not a Chinese, I is 1 the year ago go to when traveling China buy to the game card of 1 network JY, return to Seoul's home the empress, and I packed to ascend the gamed, but computer and the manifestation of the nonsupport Chinese language, therefore I please friend who study abroad in China purchased a Taichung country computer, computer 托 that produce the 运 go to Seoul is already octobered, and pack the game to behind see to see to new- break throughed Fuzhou to stand, I and incognizant Chinese characters, literally choose and then enter, pass by donkey years of grope for, and I understand the game, and feel the Chinese to think the elephant dint very abundant, the Mr. JY novel also write of very stick, I do not understand the Chinese language, therefore I play the network JY resemble at play the single game, many people to request to chat with me, I see to not understand, therefore can't with everybody exchanges.

在网络JY中玩了1年，我从来就没有感觉到过人与人之间的交流，因为我并不是中国人，我是1年前去中国旅游时买到了1张网络JY的游戏卡片，回到汉城的家里后，我装上了游戏，但是电脑并不支持汉语的显示，所以我拜托在中国留学的朋友购买了一台中国生产的电脑，电脑托运到汉城时已经是10月了，装了游戏后看到看到新开通的福州站，但是我并不认识汉字，随便选了就进入，经过很久的摸索，我了解了游戏，觉得中国人的想象力很丰富，JY先生的小说也写的很棒，但是因为我不懂汉语，所以我玩网络JY就像在玩单人游戏，很多人要求和我聊天，但是我看不懂，所以就无法和大家交流。

To evaluate the influence of Chinese nutgall water extract on the toxic effect of LPS to HDPCs, MTT method was used to examine the influence of Chinese nutgall extract on the inhibitory effect of LPS to HDPCs'proliferation, TEM was used to examine the effect of Chinese nutgall extract on the damage of HDPCs'ultrastructure by LPS, a modified enzyme dynamical method was used to examine the influence of Chinese nutgall extract on the inhibitory effect of LPS to HDPCs'ALP activity, radioimmunoussary was used to examine the effect of Chinese nutgall extract on the production of IL-6 from HDPCs stimulated by LPS.

本研究通过细胞培养技术、MTT实验、放射免疫检测法及透射电镜观察等方法观察五倍子水提取物对LPS抑制HDPCs增殖和HDPCs的ALP活性，LPS损伤HDPCs超微结构，LPS诱导HDPCs分泌IL-6的影响，探讨五倍子水提取物拮抗LPS对HDPCs的毒性作用。

During the Last Interglaciation it was the forest, mainly composed of broadleaves, or forest-grassland at the east and middle part of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and was the forest-grassland at the west part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. It changed to the forest or forest-grassland at the most part of the Chinese Loess Plateau in the Holocene, some kinds of hardwood broadleaves dispersing at the warm temperate and the tropic zones appeared. Now the vegetation at the Chinese Loess Plateau inherits from that during the Holocene, the vegetation have been heavily destroyed owing to the human being actions. The vegetation protection at the Chinese Loess Plateau is a significant problem.

末次间冰期期间气候温暖湿润，黄土高原的中、东部地区主要发育了以落叶阔叶林为主的森林或森林草原植被，黄土高原西部地区主要发育的是以针叶林为主森林草原植被；全新世期间黄土高原的植被状况发生较大变化，黄土高原的大部分地区为森林植被或森林草原植被，植被中还有暖温带落叶阔叶林，并含有少量亚热带种属；现代黄土高原的植被主要还是继承了全新世以来的植被状况，但是由于人类活动的加剧，对黄土高原的植被产生了毁灭性的破坏，因此，如何保护黄土高原的自然植被是我们面临的一个严峻的现实问题。

Objective To study the effect of chitosan in the prevention of fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy.

目的 观察选择性脊神经后根切除术椎板切除后硬膜外几种防瘢痕粘连物质的作用并探讨其机制。

On his way to the lift, he looked back to us or was it me his eyes pointing?

当他要进电梯时，他回头看我们（或者说是我，他的眼光？