查询词典 China

As part of the study of social administration of Nanjing in the Republic of China, the thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter one explains the basic concepts of social administration and the development of modernization of Nanjing before 1927. It stresses the importance of social administration in city development through the depiction of social characteristics and problems of Nanjing. Chapter 2 introduced the theory of social administration of the Republic of China, under which the municipal institutions are structured. It focuses on the social theory of Sun Yat-sen and correlative comments of Jiang Kai-shi, which reflect the theoretic level and subjective intention of social reform of the Republic of China. Chapter 3 discusses the local autonomy of Nanjing of the Republic of China. The origin of democratic local autonomy theory and its influence over social administration are expatriated. The advantages and disadvantages of local autonomy are analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 focuses its discussion upon social rescue work, an important part of social administration, with general description of social rescue work in Nanjing and concludes the characteristics of social rescue work in the transition from the traditional to the modern society. Focusing on the prominent problem of the large flows and inflation of population of Nanjing, chapter 5 discusses the population and population management of Nanjing and outlines the population situation through analysis of the population problem, management methods and the current situation. Chapter 6 describes the unprecedentedly active citizen organizations and parties. The transform and changes of these organizations occurring under the new circumstances and their functions in social administration are analyzed to reveal the interactive function between government and social organizations in social administration. Chapter 7, the epilogue, makes theoretic evaluation of the characteristics of social administration and its revelation to the current society of Nanjing, hoping this research serves as a reference to the current time.

本文是民国南京社会管理研究的一个部分，由七个章节组成：第一章介绍了社会管理的基本概念和1927年以前南京社会近代化的变迁过程，通过对南京社会特点和社会问题的描述，阐明了社会管理在城市发展中的重要作用；第二章介绍了民国社会管理思想的基本内容和在此指导下的南京市政府有关机构的设置，着重阐述了孙中山的社会管理思想和蒋介石的有关论述，反映了国民政府的社会管理的认识水平及其实行社会改造的主观意图；第三章专题讨论了民国南京地方自治，对具有近代民主意义的地方自治思想的由来及其社会管理意义进行了阐述，具体分析了南京推行地方自治的利弊得失；第四章将社会救济事业作为社会管理的一项重要内容进行了讨论，描述了南京社会救济事业的基本概况并对从传统向近代过渡社会救济事业的若干特点进行了总结；第五章针对南京城市人口的大量流动和急剧膨胀这一突出的社会问题，集中讨论了南京的人口与人口管理，通过对南京人口问题、管理手段以及人口状况的分析，展示了南京人口构成的基本面貌；第六章描述了南京空前活跃的市民组织和社会团体，着意反映这些社会组织在新的条件下的转型和变化，分析其在社会管理中所发挥的作用，企望由此揭示政府与社会组织在社会管理中的互动作用；第七章为结语，对南京社会管理的特点及其对现实的启示进行了理论评价，力求本研究更能具有现实借鉴意义。

The US was the biggest threat which China developed, the Korean War which, the Vietnam War the US started causes our country has suffered the heavy loss in the manpower and the financial resource aspect; The US supports Chiang Kai-Shek counter-attacks the mainland motion to cause our country coast not to be peaceful for a long time; Present's US still in did everything possible to suppress China, like did not acknowledge that China market economy status, gesticulates, force Renminbi revaluation in the Taiwan problem and so on, zai weilai di regan nian zhong, the US will still be China's enemies, is the forever trouble maker We believed that in the Chinese nation great rejuvenation's journey, will certainly to appear for one another magnificent 30 years!

美国是最大的威胁，中国的发展，在朝鲜战争期间，越南战争美国开始引起我们的国家遭受的损失惨重的人力和财力方面。美国支持的蒋介石的十指关打入大陆运动使我国沿海不是和平很长时间了，现在我们仍在尽一切可能来抑制中国，像不承认中国的市场经济地位，迫使人民币升值的台湾问题等，在未来的几年里甘年，美国仍将是中国的敌人，是永远的麻烦制造者我们相信，在中华民族伟大复兴的旅程，肯定会出现的另一个宏伟的30年！

The US was the biggest threat which China developed, the Korean War which, the Vietnam War the US started causes our country has suffered the heavy loss in the manpower and the financial resource aspect; The US supports Chiang Kai-Shek counter-attacks the mainland motion to cause our country coast not to be peaceful for a long time; Present's US still in did everything possible to suppress China, like did not acknowledge that China market economy status, gesticulates, force Renminbi revaluation in the Taiwan problem and so on, zai weilai di regan nian zhong, the US will still be China's enemies, is the forever trouble makere believed that in the Chinese nation great rejuvenation's journey, will certainly to appear for one another magnificent 30 years!

美国是中国发展的最大威胁，美国发动的朝鲜战争、越南战争使我国在人力和财力方面遭受了巨大损失；美国支持的蒋介石反攻大陆行动使我国沿海长期不得安宁；现在的美国仍然在想方设法遏止中国，如不承认中国市场经济地位、在台湾问题上指手划脚、强迫人民币升值等等，在未来的若干年中，美国将仍然是中国的敌人，是永远的麻烦制造者。我们坚信，在中华民族伟大复兴的征程上，必将出现一个又一个辉煌的30年！中华民族的崛起，必将让世界为我们自豪！

The US was the biggest threat which China developed, the Korean War which, the Vietnam War the US started causes our country has suffered the heavy loss in the manpower and the financial resource aspect; The US supports Chiang Kai-Shek counter-attacks the mainland motion to cause our country coast not to be peaceful for a long time; Present's US still in did everything possible to suppress China, like did not acknowledge that China market economy status, gesticulates, force Renminbi ruation in the Taiwan problem and so on, zai weilai di regan nian zhong, the US will still be China's enemies, is the forever trouble maker

美国是中国发展的最大威胁，美国发动的朝鲜战争、越南战争使我国在人力和财力方面遭受了巨大损失；美国支持的蒋介石反攻大陆行动使我国沿海长期不得安宁；现在的美国仍然在想方设法遏止中国，如不承认中国市场经济地位、在台湾问题上指手划脚、强迫人民币升值等等，在未来的若干年中，美国将仍然是中国的敌人，是永远的麻烦制造者。

The US was the biggest threat which China developed, the Korean War which, the Vietnam War the US started causes our country has suffered the heavy loss in the manpower and the financial resource aspect; The US supports Chiang Kai-Shek counter-attacks the mainland motion to cause our country coast not to be peaceful for a long time; Present's US still in did everything possible to suppress China, like did not acknowledge that China market economy status, gesticulates, force Renminbi revaluation in the Taiwan problem and so on, zai weilai di regan nian zhong, the US will still be China's enemies, is the forever trouble maker

美国是中国发展的最大威胁，美国发动的朝鲜战争、越南战争使我国在人力和财力方面遭受了巨大损失；美国支持的蒋介石反攻大陆行动使我国沿海长期不得安宁；现在的美国仍然在想方设法遏止中国，如不承认中国市场经济地位、在台湾问题上指手划脚、强迫人民币升值等等，在未来的若干年中，美国将仍然是中国的敌人，是永远的麻烦制造者。

The US was the biggest threat which China developed, the Korean War which, the Vietnam War the US started causes our country has suffered the heavy loss in the manpower and the financial resource aspect; The US supports Chiang Kai-Shek counter-attacks the mainland motion to cause our country coast not to be peaceful for a long time; Present's US still in did everything possible to suppress China, like did not acknowledge that China market economy status, gesticulates, force Renminbi revaluation in the Taiwan problem and so on, zai weilai di regan nian zhong, the US will still be China's enemies, is the forever trouble maker

美国是中国发展的最大威胁，美国发动的朝鲜战争、越南战争使我国在人力和财力方面遭受了巨大损失；美国支持的蒋介石反攻大陆行动使我国沿海长期不得安宁；现在的美国仍然在想方设法遏止中国，如不承认中国市场经济地位、在台湾问题上指手划脚、强迫人民币升值等等，在未来的若干年中，美国将仍然是中国的敌人，是永远的麻烦制造者。我们坚信，在中华民族伟大复兴的征程上，必将出现一个又一个辉煌的30年！中华民族的崛起，必将让世界为我们自豪！

The film shows whether the philosophy of power or consumption of aestheticism has become legitimized with the new development of globalization and marketization since the 1990s in China , which shows accompanied with the high-speed economic increase in China , China has deviated from China's globalization in 1990s and Post-New Era in the early period of marketization into an era of the new century culture.

英雄》说明无论是强者哲学或唯美主义的消费性都伴随着中国在 90 年代以来的全球化和市场化进程的新的发展而变得具有了合法性，说明伴随着中国经济的高速成长，中国已经脱离了 90 年代全球化和市场化&前期&的&后新时期&，进入了一个&新世纪文化&时期。

China"s stock markets had made a great progress after 14 years" development, their functions of financing, resource disposal, liquidity providing and company management bettering had got well exerted. This means the function efficiency had been improved.2.As for the market structure, operating method and regulations conditions, the participants" structure and quality had been increased fast, the transaction cost had been greatly reduced, and issuing and liquating method had become more fair and effective, the relative laws and regulations had been better and better, the operation efficiency had been improved.3.Compared with other stock markets, China"s stock markets" indexes had performed a good random walk property, which means that the pricing efficiency had been improved.4.Compared with other advanced markets in the world, by and large, on the basis of China"s rapid improvement on economy recently, China"s stock markets" efficiency was relatively low.

根据分析研究，本文的主要结论和观点如下： 1、中国股市14年来的发展取得了重大进步，其融资、资源配置、提供流动性以及改善公司治理等功能都得到了良好的发挥，功能效率程度得到提高； 2、从股市结构、运作机制和体制环境来看，股市主体的结构和质量有了快速提高，交易成本大大降低，发行和流通方式更加公平、有效，各项法律法规也不断得到完善，其运作效率程度得到提高； 3、与世界主要股票市场相比，中国股市指数的随机游走特性逐渐良好，说明14年来，中国股市定价效率得到了快速提高； 4、中国股市与世界先进市场相比，综合来看，考虑到中国股市的发展背景和近几年国民经济的快速发展，其效率还是较低的。

To ensure a smooth progress of China\'s modernization and adapt to the evolving international situation,China\'s leaders readjust foreign stategy.They rejudged times,international scene and domestic principal contradiction,work emphasis. According to new judgement,China made new national strategy and foreign strategy.The great power strategy and foreign economy stratey change are the most obvious one in foreign policy reorientation in 1980s. In 1970s, China made a strategy to ally the United States against the Soviet Union.

而国家战略转变又以决策层对中国基本国情、国内主要矛盾和工作重点及时代主题、国际形势特征及发展趋势的再认知为依掘，是国情观、时代观、安全观、发展观等观念变革的结果。1980年代中国外交战略转型最为突出的两个方面，是大国外交战略和对外经济战略的转变。70年代，中国实行联美反苏的大国外交战略。80年代调整为不结盟的独立自主的大国外交战略。

Volume 1 introduces the history of accordion , Volume 2 is about the preliminary spread of accordion in China . I dug into great amount of concerning historical data of four aspects, they are the early accordion textbooks, the accordion activities happened in Shanghai, Haerbin and Yanan, which veritably resurges the development of accordion art in China before 1949. Volume 3 reveals the development of Chinese accordion art from after 1949, I focused on five aspects, namely the production, education, performance, theoretical study and communication between China and foreign counties, in time order. This part comprehensively shows the plenty fruits of accordion art in around 50 years after the foundation of China. Volume 4 mainly concerns the development of Chinese accordion music composing. It reviews the history in four periods. Meanwhile, this part also analyses in detail the nationalization pursuit and the utilization of performance skills in composing.

第一章是对&手风琴历史源流&的介绍；第二章是&中国最初的手风琴艺术传播&，本人挖掘出大量的相关史料，从&早期的中国手风琴教科书、上海、哈尔滨和延安的手风琴活动&四个方面进行了研究，真实地再现了1949年以前的中国手风琴艺术发展；第三章是&新中国成立以来的手风琴艺术发展&，分别从&乐器制造、手风琴教育、表演、理论研究与中外交流&五个方面按时间顺序进行了论述，全面反映了手风琴艺术在新中国成立后50余年所取得的丰硕成果；第四章是&中国手风琴音乐创作的发展&，论文将手风琴音乐创作分为四个时期进行了历史的回顾，并对创作中的民族化追求以及手风琴演奏技巧在创作中的运用作了具体分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。