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When the pH value of the solution contained in Cd~(2+) is near 5, the amount of Cd~(2+) exchange in analcime reaches to a summit; when the temperature increases, the amount of Cd~(2+) exchange in unit mass analcime also increases; when initial Cd~(2+) concentration decreases, the remove rate of Cd~(2+) increases while the amount of Cd~(2+) exchange in unit mass analcime also decreases; when other cations coexist in solution, there must be some influences to the Cd~(2+) exchange in analcime.

实验表明：当交换液的pH值为5左右时，方沸石对Cd~(2+)交换量较大：反应温度升高时，单位质量方沸石对Cd~(2+)交换量增大；随着溶液中Cd~(2+)初始浓度减小，方沸石对Cd~(2+)的去除率升高，但单位质量方沸石对Cd~(2+)的交换量逐渐减小；当溶液中有其他阳离子共存时，对方沸石与Cd~(2+)的交换也有一定的影响。

Under certain conditions, the activation and migration of soil Cd were accelerated by the interaction of Pb and Cd and increased Cd uptake by wetland rice. The organic-bound Cd in rizhosphere decreased by 90%. These phenomena illustrates that the interaction is very important for the transformation of soil Cd fractions. Meanwhile, the interaction distinctly affected the composition of roots secretion and their coordination abilities with heavy metals, causing clear variation to Cd amount in root cortex and middle columniation.

在一定的实验条件下，Pb和Cd的交互作用促进了Cd的活化与迁移，增加了水稻地上部分对Cd的吸收，使根际土有机结合态Cd下降了90%左右，表明交互作用对Cd形态的转化是一个重要的控制因素；同时交互作用对根系分泌物的组成及其与重金属的配位能力有着明显的影响，使Pb、Cd在根系皮层和中柱中Cd的含量有明显变化。

Then, on the basis of above achieved constituent binary results, thermodynamic properties of 10 ternary liquid alioys (Cd-Bi-Pb, Cd-Pb-Sb, Cd-Pb-Sn, Mg-In-Cd, Zn-In- Cd, Cd-Bi-Sn, In-Bi-Pb, Sn-AgPb,Zn-In.Pb, Al-Cu-Zn), 3 quaternary ones (Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn, Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi, Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb) and 1 quinary. one (Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi) are predicted. For most of investigated multicomponent systems, the calculated activities are in good with the experimental ones, and in particular for multicompoment immiscible ones, the predicted results are satisfactory and exciting. At the same time, the comparison result between the three equations shows that Wilson equation and T-K-Wilson one are more stable than NRTL one, that maybe is because NRTL equation contains a third parameter, and so ,to some degree, Wilson model and T-K-Wilson model are superior to NRTL model. And also the comparison between local composition models and other models such as Pelton- Flengas?method, Krupkowski formalism, mass action concentration model and Hoch- Arpshofen model shows that local composition models are more convenient and credible.

在此基础之上应用局部组成型模型对10个三元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb、Cd-Pb-Sb、Cd-Pb-Sn、Mg-In-Cd、Zn-In-Cd、Cd-Bi-Sn、In-Bi-Pb、Sn-Ag-Pb、Zn-In-Pb、Al-Cu-Zn），3个四元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn、Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi、Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb）和1个五元液态合金（Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi）的活度进行了预测，预测效果良好，尤其对Zn-In-Pb系和Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb等多元液-液共存体系热力学性质的预测也取得了令人满意的结果；同时对三个方程的比较分析表明：Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程在多元系热力学性质的预测中表现稳定，而NRTL方程由于引入了物理意义不清楚的第三参数，使得其具有不确定性和不稳定性的特点，因此Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程较NRTL方程更为优越；此外对局部组成型模型与其它模型（如Pelton-Flengas方程、Krupkowski方程、作用浓度模型和Hoch-Arpshofen模型）的比较表明：局部组成型模型同样是优秀的，甚至在某些方面更为简便和可靠。

Cd〓 (1, 10, 100, 1000μM) stimulated directly GtH secretion from pituitary of common carp in vitro, with the highest GtH secretion at 100μM, GtH secretion stimulated with 1000μM Cd〓 was not higher than that stimulated with 100μM Cd〓.The antagonism between Ca〓 and Cd〓 in perfusion of the pituitary fragments was not obvious.After being preperfusion with 100μM Cd〓(with or without Ca〓), the GtH secretion of the pituitary fragment was irresponsive to 2-min pulse stmulation of 10μM sGnRH-A.

鲤鱼脑垂体碎片离体灌流孵育实验结果显示，Cd〓（1，10，100，1000μM）可直接刺激鲤鱼脑垂体分泌GtH，灌流液中Ca〓对Cd〓的拮抗作用不明显，100μM Cd〓刺激脑垂体分泌GtH达到高峰，Cd〓浓度增加到1000μM时，脑垂体分泌GtH并没有进一步增加，甚至有减少的趋势；100μM Cd〓预灌流脑垂体后，可使脑垂体对2-min 10μM sGnRH-A刺激的反应性消失；1.25mM的EDTA可消除100μM Cd〓刺激脑垂体分泌GtH的作用；TFP和Cd〓同时灌流脑垂体一段时间后，撤除TFP可使脑垂体分泌GtH显著增加，即出现"反跳"现象。

Results The 95% reference ranges in absolute counts per microliter of whole blood for CD+3, CD+3CD+4, CD+3CD+8, CD-3CD+19, CD-3/CD+16 and/or CD+56 cells were 955 to 2 860 (50% to 84%), 550 to 1 440 (27% to 51%), 320 to 1250 (15% to 44%), 90 to 560 (5% to 18%), 150 to 1 100 (7% to 40%) respectively.

结果 18～65岁健康中国成人淋巴细胞参考值范围CD+3细胞是50%～84%（955～2 860/μl），CD-3CD+19细胞为5%～18%(90～560/μl)，CD+3CD+4细胞为27%～51%(550～1 440/μl)，CD+3CD+8细胞为15%～44%(320～1 250/μl)，CD-3、CD+16和/或CD+56细胞为7%～40%(150～1 100/μl)，CD+3CD+4/CD+3CD+8比值为0.71～2.87。

Results The 95%reference ranges in absolute counts per microliter of whole blood for CD+3, CD+3CD+4, CD+3CD+8, CD-3CD+19, CD-3/CD+16 and/or CD+56 cells were 955 to 2 860 (50%to 84%), 550 to 1 440 (27%to 51%), 320 to 1250 (15%to 44%), 90 to 560 (5%to 18%), 150 to 1 100 (7%to 40%) respectively.

结果 18-65岁健康中国成人淋巴细胞参考值范围CD+3细胞是50%？84%（955-2 860/μl），CD-3CD+19细胞为5%？18%(90-560/μl)，CD+3CD+4细胞为27%？51%(550-1 440/μl)，CD+3CD+8细胞为15%？44%(320-1 250/μl)，CD-3、CD+16和/或CD+56细胞为7%？

Analysis indicated that the ratios of the Cd forms extracted by ethanol and by deionized water in root, and the ratios of soluble Cd in root cell showed accordancy with the ratio of Cd transported from root to aboveground parts, and also the ratios of the Cd forms extracted by ethanol and by deionized water in stem, and the ratios of soluble Cd in stem cell showed accordancy with the ratio of Cd translocated from rice straw to grain.

分析表明，两供试品种根组织中乙醇提取态和去离子水提取态Cd的比例及根细胞中可溶性Cd的比例与根系吸收的Cd向地上部的分配比例存在一致性；茎组织中乙醇提取态和去离子水提取态Cd的比例及茎细胞中可溶性Cd的比例与植株地上部积累的Cd向籽粒分配的比例间存在一致性。

Based on these results and inferred to related reports from other labratories, it was possible to make some analyses and conclusions or inferrences:(1) CD〓AK with tumoricidal activity were induced and expanded in number througth costimulation of PBMC with anti-CD〓 McAb . and r IL-2 ;(2) CD〓AK induced and expanded in such manner did exibit more potent proliferation·ability and cytotoxicity which maintained for lonser time than those of LAK cells, thus CD〓AK was a new variety of antitumor effector cells worth to be explored;(3) CD〓AK could mediate MHC nonrestricted cytotoxicity and kill tumor target cells through inducing necrosis and apoptosis;(4) Normal mature lymphocytes of PBMC could be induced to proliferate and /or to die from apoptosis when they were costimulated by anti-CD〓McAb and rIL-2. Both proliferation and apoptosis were existing in the same cultivation system sugsesting that the presence of rIL- 2 might provide some accessary signals for apoptosis.

以这些结果为基础并参考其它有关文献可能做出如下分析与结论或推论：(1)用抗CD〓单抗和rIL-2共刺激外周血单个核细胞能诱生扩增出具有杀瘤活性的CD〓AK细胞，(2)与LAK相比，用这种方法诱生扩增的CD〓AK增殖能力强、细胞毒活性强而且维持时间长；CD〓AK是一类值得开发的抗瘤效应细胞；(3)CD〓AK能够介导MHC非限制性细胞毒活性，可以通过诱导靶细胞坏死和/或凋亡杀伤肿瘤细胞；(4)正常外周血单个核细胞中的成熟淋巴细胞在受到抗CD〓单抗和rIL-2共同刺激后既可诱导增殖也可诱导凋亡，两者并存于同一体系，推测rIL-2的存在可能为细胞凋亡提供一些辅助信号。

Results showed that low contents of Cd has promotion effect on Oryza Sativa, but high contents of Cd has not obvious restrain on it. The total trend of distribution of Cd in Oryza Sativa is root＞stem＞shell＞rice. The relation between Cd contents in rice and total Cd in soil as well as availability Cd in soil has been investigated. The result showed that both the total Cd and the availability Cd had notably correlation with content of Cd to rice, and the critical point were CaCl2-Cd=0.71mg/kg, DTPA-Cd=1.34 mg/kg, EDTA-Cd=0.76 mg/kg, NH4OAc-Cd=0.77 mg/kg.

研究表明：低浓度的镉对水稻生长稍有促进作用，高浓度的镉对其生长并没有明显的抑制作用；镉在水稻植株中总的分布趋势为根＞茎＞稻壳＞糙米；用4种有效态提取剂（0.1 mol/L CaCl2、DTPA、0.05 mol/L EDTA和1 mol/L NH4OAc）浸提出的有效态镉的含量和土壤中镉总量与水稻糙米中镉含量均达到显著相关水平，并确定了它们的临界值分别为CaCl2-Cd=0.71 mg/kg， DTPA-Cd=1.34 mg/kg， EDTA-Cd=0.76 mg/kg， NH4OAc-Cd=0.77 mg/kg。

Based on the study of chronology and geochemistry of Cd in sediments of the Dongting lake area, we have established an ARIMA model of Cd and Cd/Ca in Quaternary and Holocene period respectively, and discussed Cd evolutionary regularity according to the fitted value and predicted value of the model The results revealed that the Cd evolution has remarkable periodicity of ecogeochemistry cycles, and is correlated with the climate change of alternative cold and warm Cd/Ca is changed with climate, from which the evolutionary history of regional ecogeochemistry can be inferred The changes of Cd and Cd/Ca are basically simultaneous, which showed that the change of Cd is mainly a natural evolution Cd in sediments will rise in the next 30 years and then tend to decrease From the regularity of ecogeochemistry indexes and global environment variation, it is concluded that the natural environment is the dominant factor affecting the Cd deposition

在对洞庭湖区沉积物钻探取样的年代学和地球化学研究基础上，分别建立第四纪和全新世时期Cd和Cd/Ca的时间序列演化ARIMA模型，并据模型的拟合值及未来预测值对区域地球化学环境中Cd的演化规律进行了探讨，结果显示区内Cd的演化有较显著的周期性--环境地球化学旋回，与气候多次冷暖的交替有关；沉积物Cd/Ca受气候环境等控制，分析该比值的变化规律可推测区域环境地球化学的演变历史；Cd和Cd/Ca两者的变化基本同步，说明该区Cd的演化主要为自然演化；未来30年内沉积层的Cd含量仍有逐渐增高的趋势，之后转为降低。从本区环境地球化学指标的时间变化规律及其与全球环境变化的相关联中说明自然条件是区域镉等元素沉积的主控因素。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。