查询词典 Bodin

Complying with the expand of monarch\'s strength, Bodin originated the concept of "sovereignty", his sovereignty was higher than the law, and could create and abolish the legal order; Bodin thought that only monarch had appropriation of sovereignty, this sovereign power of monarch was above law and order, but there were some constraints on sovereignty, namely legitimacy of the request. Bodin thought that the validity of sovereignty originated from God, thus monarch needed to obey God, and sovereignty should also subordinate to the fundamental purpose of polity, which were the blend of Christian ethic and classical virtues.

第三节探讨博丹的"主权"理论，博丹顺应君主国力量不断壮大这一形势，首倡"主权"概念，主权高于法律，并且创造和废止单纯的法律秩序；在博丹看来，惟有君主享有主权，君主的权力高于法律秩序；不过主权并非无所顾忌，主权背后隐含着某种制约因素，也即合法性的要求，而博丹认为主权的合法性来源于上帝，因而主权也要服从上帝，服从政治体的根本目的，实质上是基督教伦理和古典善的某种糅合。

In this way, Bodin explained his theory of state systematically, although his writing style was not very good, there is also some confusion in it .A11 this can"t influence Bodin"s place in the history of modernpolitical thought . It is his theory of state that sets a foundation for the modern theory of state.

这样，布丹就比较系统地阐释了他的国家理论，当然在这部著作中，由于写作风格上的缺陷，不免给人以拖沓冗长之感，而且还有一些混乱之处，但是这些仍然不能影响布丹在西方政治思想史上的地位，应该说他的国家理论为现代国家理论奠定了基础。

The Reformation triggered a religious war, and Bodin\'s idea of legitimacy was mixed without certain conclusion, the struggle of concept became a cause of war. Hobbes pondered thoroughly to the conflict and war, and launched in two aspects about the thought of "recht": on the one hand, he criticized vigorously some controversial religious doctrines and ideas of good that was labeled dark kingdom, only left the teaching of "Jesus is Christ" which could be acknowledged commonly, at the same time absorbed Bodin\'s concept of "sovereignty", constructed a mortal God in the world—Leviathan; On the other hand, in order to make this mortal God to lay in a stable foundation, Hobbes constructed natural rights theory.

新教改革引发了宗教战争，博丹的合法性主张是混杂而无定论的，观念之争因而成为战争的一个根源，霍布斯对冲突和战争以及法权秩序的变化进行了深入思考，从两个方面展开了关于法权秩序的主张：一方面他将一些引起争议的教义、善的观念贬斥为黑暗王国的东西，大力批判，而只留下争论各方都能够承认的"耶稣就是基督"这一共识性的教义，同时又吸收博丹的主权概念，构造出尘世的上帝——利维坦；另一方面，为了使这一人间上帝奠立于稳固的基础上，霍布斯用政治科学构造了自然权利理论。

It is the most important contribution of Bodin in the political thought .

这是布丹在西方政治思想史上最重要的贡献。

I have always been impressed by the contribution of my compatriot, Jean Bodin, to our understanding of monetary economics.

与我同为法国人的让·博丹，对我们理解货币经济学做出的贡献，始终萦绕在我的脑海中。16世纪，贵金属从美洲流入欧洲，造成了通货膨胀。

In the history of political thought, Bodin is the first to give the conception of state and through his explanation of his theory of sovereignty, he gets the modern abstract conception of state .

在西方政治思想史上，布丹第一次提出了国家主权的概念，并且通过对国家主权的阐述，得出了具有现代意义的抽象的国家概念。

In fact, Bodin discussed as binding upon states many of those rules that were later woven into the fabric of international law.

事实上， Bodin 的关于限制国家行为的很多讨论后来都演变成了国际法。

Only bodin, thinking that the french political thinker, in the 176 confirmed in europe, the king, and only the king, is a countrys command who.

只有博丹，以为法国的政治思想家，在176年确认了在欧洲，国王，且只有国王，是一个国家的统领者。

Thus, Bodin's sovereign was restricted by the constitutional law of the state and by the higher law that was considered as binding upon every human being.

因此，在 Bodin 看来，君主受到宪法和更高一级法律的限制，这种更高一级的法律被认为可以约束人类所有的行为。

Jean Bodin (1530-1596) is the political theorist in the sixteenth century. His contribution to the political thought is focused on his theory of state, especially on his theory of sovereignty. In this treatise, the author tries to explain his theory of state systematically, based on the former study. It will include the origin of state, conception of state, end of state, theory of sovereignty and so on .

16世纪法国政治思想家让·布丹（Jean Bodin 1530－1596）在西方政治思想史上的贡献主要集中在他的国家理论，尤其是他的国家主权理论中，本文则试图在总结前人研究成果的基础上，系统论述布丹的国家理论，包括国家的起源、国家的目的、国家主权理论和政体理论等，使其国家理论更加完整，并客观评价他在西方政治思想史上的地位。

Hanna: That's over now, isn't it?

都结束了，对吗

You must be ill. You look so pale.

你一定是病了，你的脸色苍白。