查询词典 Black Scholes pricing model

Based on aforementioned findings, the author disclosed China have gone through three wave of marketing since the open policy reform in the end of seventies in the last century: the fi rst wave taken place from the end of seventies to the end of eighties of last century, during this period of time, enterprises commonly took a marketing tactics mix of unitary product, high gross-profit pricing, wholesale and information notification; the second wave happened from the end of eighties to the end of nineties in the last century, during the second wave, enterprises often took a marketing tactics mix of serialized products, medium gross profit pricing, regional distribution and advertisement on mass media; the third wave occurred from the end of nineties of last century to now, during the third wave, enterprises usually adopted a marketing tactics mix of segmented products, low gross profit pricing, outlet interception and tangible benefits promotion.

基于上述认识，本书进而揭示出，中国市场自上个世纪70年代末改革开放以来，已经经历了三次营销浪潮：第一次营销浪潮发生在20世纪70年代末至80年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&单一化产品+高毛利政策+批发销售+信息告知&的营销策略组合。第二次营销浪潮发生在20世纪80年代末至90年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&系列化产品+中毛利政策+区域分销+大众广告&的营销策略组合。第三次营销浪潮发生在20世纪90年代末至今，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&细分化产品+低毛利政策+终端拦截+实惠促销&的营销策略组合。

Based on aforementioned findings, the author disclosed China have gone through three wave of marketing since the open policy reform in the end of seventies in the last century: the first wave taken place from the end of seventies to the end of eighties of last century, during this period of time, enterprises commonly took a marketing tactics mix of unitary product, high gross-profit pricing, wholesale and information notification; the second wave happened from the end of eighties to the end of nineties in the last century, during the second wave, enterprises often took a marketing tactics mix of serialized products, medium gross profit pricing, regional distribution and advertisement on mass media; the third wave occurred from the end of nineties of last century to now, during the third wave, enterprises usually adopted a marketing tactics mix of segmented products, low gross profit pricing, outlet interception and tangible benefits promotion.

基于上述认识，本书进而揭示出，中国市场自上个世纪70年代末改革开放以来，已经经历了三次营销浪潮：第一次营销浪潮发生在20世纪70年代末至80年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&单一化产品+高毛利政策+批发销售+信息告知&的营销策略组合。第二次营销浪潮发生在20世纪80年代末至90年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&系列化产品+中毛利政策+区域分销+大众广告&的营销策略组合。第三次营销浪潮发生在20世纪90年代末至今，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&细分化产品+低毛利政策+终端拦截+实惠促销&的营销策略组合。

Biot's consolidation theory was used to serve as a frame working with the nonlinear elastic model or with elasto-plastic model in the program. Nonlinear elastic model includes Duncan-Zhang model, Gong Xiannan Ko consolidation model and the model proposed in chapter 2. Elasto-plastic model in the program includes Mohr-Coulomb model, Drucker-Prager model and the bounding surface model developed in chapter 3. The program can be used in cases of plane problem and axisymmtric problem.

FOR，针对软土地基的变形特点，该程序以Biot固结理论为框架，可以进行线弹性，非线性弹性和弹塑性的有限元计算，在非线性弹性模型中包括了Duncan—Chang模型、龚晓南Ko固结模型和本文建立的非线性模型，弹塑性模型中包拓了Mohr—Coulomb模型，Drucker—Prager模型以及本文中建立的边界面模型，该程序可以考虑平面问题也可以考虑轴对称问题。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

Firstly, the course reviews the basic knowledge about matrix algebra and linear model, and introduce the BLUP for mixed linear model, then, learn the approaches to contruct and solve various animal models, including single trait animal model, repeatability model, maternal model, threshold model, random regression model, non-additive model and multiple traits model, finally, train application of animal model to animal genetic evaluation by means of a software on estimation of breeding values.

本课程首先回顾有关矩阵代数和线性模型的基础知识，介绍线性混合模型的BLUP求解方法，然后根据动物性状和动物育种资料的类型和特点，具体讲授不同种类动物模型，包括单性状动物模型、单性状重复率模型、单性状母体效应模型、单性状阈模型、单性状随机回归模型、单性状非加性效应模型和多性状动物模型等的建立和求解方法。最后，结合动物育种值估计软件，进行动物模型在动物生产性能的遗传评估中的应用训练。

This paper reviews the processes in glacier hydrological model in term of runoff generation model and runoff concentration model, analyzes the runoff generation mode from two most widely ablation model (the meteorological factors statistical model and the energy balance model), and enlarges on the runoff concentration model from three sub-models: the surface routing sub-model, the englacial hydrology sub-model and the sub-glacial hydrology sub-model.

从冰川产流和汇流两个水文物理过程出发，介绍了国内外冰川水文模型的研究进展，对目前应用最广的两类消融模型－基于气象因子的统计模型和基于物理机制的能量平衡模型进行了分析和讨论；从冰川表面、内部以及下部汇流3个方面阐述了冰川汇流模型所取得的成果。

Characters in order of appearance: Deadpool, Arcade, Basilisk, Ares + Hercules, Nova, Annihilus, Ant-Man, Ms. Marvel, Baron Zemo, Black Box, Ghost Rider, Black Goliath, Black Bolt, Beta Ray Bill + skrull, Norman Osborn/ Green Goblin, Thunderbolts (Venom + Bullseye + Songbird), Nightcrawler, Juggernaut, Black Tom Cassidy, Agency X (a guy I don't know, Outlaw, Agent X, Taskmaster, a girl I don't know), Air Walker, Gambit + Bishop, High Evolutionary, Baron Von Strucker, Mighty Avengers (Jocasta + Scarlet Witch + Wasp/ H. Pym), New Avengers (Spider-Man + Ronin + Ms. Marvel + Luke Cage + Captain America/ Bucky + Spider-Woman + Wolverine), Eel, Dr. Strange, Ajak, Generation X (Jubilee + Husk + Synch + Skin + M + Chamber), Angel, Hulk, Fing Fan Foom + Hulk, Belasco + Illyana Rasputin, Shadowcat, Omega Red, Vulture, Young Avengers (Vision + Wiccan + Patriot + Hulkling + Hawkeye + Speed), Ms. Marvel + Jean Grey + Mr. Fantastic + Wolverine + Captain America + Iron-Man + Invisible Woman + Thing + Spider-Man + Charles Xavier, Abomination, Thanos + Galactus, Blastaar, Aegis, Thor + Captain America/ Bucky + Wolverine, Atlas, Avalanche, Avengers (Thor + Iron-Man + Captain America + Scarlet Witch + Ant-Man + Wasp), Baron Zemo + Avengers (Captain America + Thor + Giant-Man), Prodigy + Batwing + Sunstreak + Gorilla Girl + Boulder + Annex, Banshee, Arana, Cyclops + Professor Xavier, Green Goblin + Spider-Man, Kang The Conqueror, Nick Fury, Northstar + Cyclops, Northstar + Aurora, Punisher, Iron Fist, Thor, Black Goliath, X-Men (Banshee + Angel + Iceman + Cannonball + Warpath + Cyclops + Colossus + Beast + Bishop + Longshot + Cable + Wolverine + Nightcrawler + Havok + Gambit), Storm, Fantastic 4 (Invisible Woman + Human Torch + Thing + Mr. Fantastic)+ Black Panther + Storm, Gambit + Wolverine, Captain America + Logan, a kree + Ms. Marvel + Captain Marvel + Captain Marvel + Avengers (Giant-Man + Hulk + Captain America + Thor + Wasp), X-Statix (Dead Girl + Mr. Sensitive + U-Go Girl + Saint Anna + Venus Dee Milo), Black Panther, Swordsman, Iceman + Iron-Man + Human Torch + Spider-Man + Colossus + Nightcrawler + Quicksilver + Wolverine + Captain America + Hulk + Mr. Fantastic + Thor + Storm + Thing, Shadowcat + Rogue, Whiplash, X-Corps (Avalanche + Blob + Banshee + Husk + Jubilee), Adam X, Crimson Dynamo, Mr. Sinister, Agents Of Atlas (the Uranian + M-11 + Jimmy Woo + Namora + Venus + Gorilla Man), Apocalypse, Taskmaster, Agent 0 + Wolverine, Battlestar, Baron Mordo, Batwing + Spider-Man, Union Jack, Ancient One, Arclight, Anole, Iron-Man.

享受！ 在外观订购特点：Deadpool，商场，虺蛇，战神+大力神新星，Annihilus，蚁民，女士惊奇，男爵泽莫，黑盒，幽灵骑士，黑巨人，黑螺栓Skrull +β射线条例草案，诺曼奥斯本/绿精灵，桑德博茨，Nightcrawler，剑圣，黑色汤姆卡西迪，代理第十章（一家伙，我不知道，奥特洛，X制剂，工头，一个女孩，我不知道），空气沃克，开局+主教，高级进化，男爵冯施特吕克尔，全能的复仇者（乔卡斯塔+大红女巫+黄蜂/ H的皮姆），新复仇者（蜘蛛侠浪人+++女士惊奇笼+美国队长卢克/布基+蜘蛛女+狼獾），鳗鱼，博士奇怪，阿贾克， X一代（银禧+壳+同步+皮肤+ M +的商会），天使，绿巨人，Fing头范宽+绿巨人，贝拉斯科+ Illyana拉斯普京，Shadowcat，欧米茄红色，雕，杨复仇者（视觉+ Wiccan +爱国者+ Hulkling +霍克艾尔+速度），让灰色女士惊奇+++金刚狼+奇先生美国队长+铁人+隐形女+物+蜘蛛侠+查尔斯泽维尔，憎恶，萨诺斯+ Galactus， Blastaar，宙斯盾，索尔+美国上尉/布基+金刚狼，阿特拉斯，雪崩，复仇者（索尔+铁人+美国队长+女巫+大红蚂蚁满+黄蜂），男爵泽莫+复仇者（美国上尉雷神++巨男子），神童+蝙蝠翼+ Sunstreak +大猩猩女+博尔德+附件，女妖，阿拉纳，独眼巨人+泽维尔教授，绿精灵+蜘蛛侠，康的征服者，尼克骚动，诺斯斯塔+独眼巨人，诺斯斯塔+极光，惩罚者，铁拳，雷神，黑巨人，X战警（女妖+天使+冰人+独眼巨人++沃帕斯巨像+野兽+主教+朗肖特+电缆++金刚狼+ Nightcrawler Havok的开局坎南伯尔++），风暴，神奇四（看不见的女人+人力火炬+物+神奇先生）+黑豹+风暴，开局+金刚狼，美国队长+洛根，1 kree女士惊奇++船长船长惊奇Marvel公司++复仇者（巨人+绿巨人+美国队长+雷神+黄蜂）和X - Statix（敏先生死亡女孩++ U型转到女孩安娜++圣迪米罗维纳斯），黑豹，武侠小说，冰人+铁人+人力火炬+蜘蛛侠+巨像+ Nightcrawler +水银+金刚狼+美国队长+绿巨人+神奇先生风暴+++雷神物，Shadowcat +盗贼，头颈部，阿特拉斯的X团（雪崩+斑点+女妖+壳+银禧），亚当十，深红迪纳摩，邪恶先生，代理商（即天王星+的M - 11 ++纳莫拉+麦宇金星+大猩猩人），启示，监工，代理0 +狼獾，太空堡垒，男爵莫尔多，蝙蝠翼+蜘蛛侠，米字旗，古一，ArcLight的，变色龙，铁人。

Editorial note: Previous studies on black milk and tea polyphenol absorption were mixed in their findings, but this study tilts the health recommendations back in the direction of drinking one's black tea "black", without milk. This is actually not hard to do if you buy a very nice quality loose leaf black tea, but if you purchase only lower quality "fannings" in tea bags, you will find the black tea to be fairly bitter, especially if it is a stronger brew. For those of you who wonder whether you can drink black tea without milk, I suggest you call Strand Tea at 1-888-718-6358 to buy a small trial amount of their Darjeeling Makaibari Estate biodynamically grown Black tea - it's fragrant and very smooth, one of my favorites, and I hope Jack Strand doesn't sell out of it - tell him Dr. Z sent you.

编者按：以往的研究对黑牛奶和茶多酚吸收混在他们的调查结果，但这种研究倾斜的健康建议，在回方向的喝的红茶中的"黑"，不加牛奶，其实这并不难做到如果你购买了一个非常好的品质松散叶红茶，但如果你只购买低品质" fannings "茶叶袋，你会发现，红茶可算是相当痛苦的，尤其是如果它是一个强大的BREW对于你们这些人不知您是否可以喝红茶加牛奶，我建议你致电钢绞线茶在1-888-718-6358买一个小型审判其数额大吉岭makaibari地产biodynamically成长红茶-它的香味，很顺利的，其中一个我的最爱，我希望千斤顶钢绞线不出售了它-告诉他，叶文z传送给你。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

For you say, My doctrine is pure, And I am clean in Your eyes.

11：4 你说，我的道理纯净，我在你眼前清洁。

The method takes make water sedimentary in patient of be in hospital of leucocyte grow in quantity 30, according to clean middle make water bacterioscopy result, distinguish the patient to affect group and blame infection group, pathology of puncture of farther travel kidney analyses blame infection form.

方法取尿沉渣中白细胞增多住院患者30例，根据清洁中段尿细菌检查结果，将患者区分为感染组和非感染组，非感染组进一步行肾穿刺病理分析。