Atmospheric precipitation

The regulating reservoir water leakage enters the oxygen unit, through the biological degeneration function, enable the organic pollutant to obtain the thorough degeneration, the good oxygen unit enters the water to enter the precipitation unit, the precipitation unit water leakage flows automatically enters the middle basin; In the middle basin by the pump promotion to the micro flocculation unit, in the water before the residual soluble organic matter and the filtration throws the coagulant response production suspended solid which adds through the filtration pot filtration, the micro flocculation filtration water leakage enters the disinfection area, achieves the sterilization goal in the disinfection area using the chlorine dioxide strong oxidability.

调节池出水进入好氧单元，通过生物的降解作用，使有机污染物得到彻底的降解，好氧单元进水进入沉淀单元，沉淀单元出水自流进入中间水池；在中间水池由泵提升至微絮凝单元，水中残留溶解性有机物与过滤前投加的混凝剂反应生成悬浮固体通过过滤罐滤除，微絮凝过滤出水进入消毒区，在消毒区内利用二氧化氯的强氧化性达到杀菌目的。

Fe and Al in the system were removed by precipitation at pH≈5. Co2 was obtained by precipitation at pH=9.5~10, it was then purified by reprecipitation. Co3O4 was obtained by calcining Co2 at 500℃ for 2h, the purity of which was 99.3%. The recovery rate of Co was 97%. Li2CO3 was obtained by adding Na2CO3 to the mother liquor, the purity of which was 97.8%. The one-time recovery for Li was 73%. The mother liquor can be reused after being cooled to below 10℃ and Na2SO410H2O is recovered.

体系中的Fe、Al从杂质在pH≈5时沉淀除去；Co2在pH为9.5~10沉淀得到，经酸溶解后二次沉淀提纯，500℃煅烧2.0h得Co3O4，其纯度达到99.3%，钴的回收率达97%，母液中Li离子加Na2CO3处理，沉淀得Li2CO3，其纯度达97.8%，锂的一次回收率达73%，母液经冷却至10℃以下除去Na2SO410H2O后可循环使用。

The sample which has retrogressive phenomenon precipitates the secondary phase during re-ageing treatment subsequently, and the reprecipitation sequence is due to the grain size caused by severe plastic deformation. There is a critical grain size below which the reprecipitation sequence changes, the heterogeneous precipitation of phase at grain boundaries would suppress precipitation of metastable phases such as GP zones and η′ phase.

强变形导致回归后的合金在再时效处理时可再次沉淀析出第二相粒子，但析出相的析出顺序与强变形后合金的晶粒尺有相关，当晶粒细化到某一临界尺寸以下时，析出顺序发生改变，非均匀形核的平衡相可抑制GP区、η′亚稳相等前期粒子的析出。

The features of carrier induction crystallization are that a large amount of the grains of suitable carrier are added in precipitation reaction system, the grains speed reaction up, precipitates sedimentate with the grains and the time of precipitation process is shorten.

载体诱导沉淀结晶技术的特点是在沉淀反应体系中人为地加入大量合适的诱晶载体粒子，使沉淀反应加速，并使沉淀物随诱晶载体粒子一起沉降，从而使化学沉淀工艺时间大大缩短。

With the daily radiation data and monthly data of mean temperature, precipitation, relative humid, sunshine fraction and wind velocity amended Penman's method was used to calculate the potential evapotration spiration and the aridity index, at present and three prescribed climate scenarios, with temperature rise by 1.5℃, 3.0℃ and 4.5℃, and precipitation increase by 10%.

中国气候信息库提供了全国太阳辐射日资料以及12个月的气温、降水量、相对湿度、日照百分率和风速资料。

Based on a long term(14 years) research on the primary productivity of Stipa krylovii community,the influence of seasonal distribution of precipitation on the primary productivity of the community was examined,and the influential coefficients of ten day precipitation from January to August on the primary productivity of the community were calculated using an integral regression model.

本文根据克氏针茅草原群落初级生产力连续14年的定位观测资料，分析了降水量及其季节分配对群落初级生产力年度波动的影响，并应用积分回归模型，计算出1～8月各旬降水量对群落初级生产力的影响系数。

Precipitation of convection will diminish, while that of stratiform clouds will maintain, so the mixture clouds can bring stronger precipitation in a large area.

对流云的降水量不断减小，而层状云的降水不断维持，带来了大面积持续时间很长的降水。

This paper described the preparation of nanometer TiO_2 by means of direct precipitation and homogeneous precipitation with titanyl sulfate,which is a semifinished product during the production of TiO_2 using sulfuric method as raw material.

我国二氧化钛(TiO2，俗称钛白)工业自1956年生产搪瓷和电焊条开始，距今已有近50年的发展历史。近10来，我国TiO2工业发展很快，取得了令人瞩目的成就，其中硫酸法TiO2的生产与国外先进技术相差无异，总生产能力已跃居世界第二位，仅次于美国[1]。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

In order to assess the change of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation long-term-site productivity, The paper studied on effects of aboveground litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation in nutrient cycling of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantations at different ages,namely 2a、4a、5a、6a.It studied influence of different factors on decomposition of leaf、tree bark and twig of triploid populus tomentoza to select the operations to accelerate the decomposition and nutrient release. Finally, it studied influence of different intercrops on plantation site productivity and the relationship of intercrops and triploid populus tomentoza to select suitable intercrops. The main results as follows:(1)The aboveground litterfall of triploid populus tomentoza increased along with age from 216.03±59.7gm~(-2) at 3a to 482.38±101.3gm~(-2) at 7a, The N returned by litterfall wasl8.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~-121.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2a~-139.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2a~-138.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by litterfall was 5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1), 11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The nutrient returned by fine root turnover increased along with age, too. The N returned by fine root turnover was 3.85±0.41kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1),7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1),9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by fine root turnover was 0.73±0.07kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.69±0.09kghm~(-2) a~(-1)、1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The leaf was the principal pathway to return nutrient to soil among litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation. The proportion of returned N by leaf was 74.84%、71.96%、78.58%、75.03% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively,The proportion of returned P by leaf was 85.93%、80.31%、83.04%、83.23% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. Therefore, it is important to protect and utilize the leaf in order to maintenance and enhance the long-term-site productivity of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation.

本文采取时序研究法，以3a、5a、6a、7a共4个不同年龄的三倍体毛白杨纸浆林为对象，研究了地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降在林分N、P营养元素循环中的作用及不同年龄林分N、P营养元素循环的特征，以评价三倍体毛白杨纸浆林长期立地生产力的变化；采取网袋法研究了不同因素对落叶、树皮、树枝分解的影响，以确定加快其分解、促进养分释放的措施：同时研究了不同间作物对林地影响、林木与间作物之间关系，以选择能维持立地生产力的合适的间作物种类等内容，得到以下结论：(1)随着年龄的增加，三倍体毛白杨地上凋落物的数量从3a的216.03±59.7gm~(-2)增加到7a的482.38±101.3gm~(-2)，通过凋落物归还的N分别为：3a时为18.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为21.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为39.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为38.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，归还的P分别为：3a时为5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~-1随着年龄的增加，通过细根周转归还的养分也在增加，归还的N分别为：3a时3.85±0.41kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~-1归还的P分别为：3a时0.73±0.07kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时1.69±0.09kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~-1从地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降三种不同途径归还林地养分所占的比例来看，地上凋落物中的落叶是归还养分主要途径，年龄在3a、5a、6a、7a时，通过落叶归还的N所占比例分别为74.84%、71.96%、78.58%和75.03%，归还的P所占比例分别为85.93%、80.31%、83.04%和83.23%。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。