Atmospheric precipitation

It is shown that Mn and Ti had refined the microstructure, and formed to precipitation affluent of Mn or Ti, which approved the performance of the shape memory alloy. For a certain strain, the shape memory effect varyied functionly together with the aging time: alloy performance the best coorperative status that the martensite lathing was close and ordered, the precipitation rich of Mn and Ti dispersed orderly in the microstructure and little or even no eutectoid phase had precipited in the alloy, in a special aging temperature and time. With the prolonger of the aging time, the different aging time affects the microstructure rulely.

结果表明：Cu-Al-X系形状记忆合金中，Mn和Ti的加入细化了组织，并且形成了富Mn和富Ti相，起到沉淀强化和弥散强化的作用；对于同一种变形量，合金在母相时效时，形状记忆效应随时效保温时间呈现规律性变化，不同时效温度下，合金对应一个不同的时效时间，此时合金的显微组织呈现最佳自协作状态，马氏体板条细密有序，富Ti和Al相均匀的弥散在组织中，合金中没有或很少有共析相出现，且随着时效时间的延长，在不同的特定温度下，Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti合金的组织会有规律性的变化。

The annual average precipitation 654.4mm, uneven rainfall distribution, rainfall accounted for 7,8,9 months of 55.5% of precipitation throughout the year.

年平均降水量654.4mm，降雨分布不均匀，7、8、9三个月降水量占全年降水量的55.5%。

It shows that runoff is closely correlated with the features of individual precipitation, and it is also affected by vegetation within a short period of time. Raindrop erosion, sheet flow erosion and rill erosion on the slope are the main soil erosion patterns; sediment yield occurs mainly in flood season. Human activity and individual precipitation are two important factors that control the soil erosion at a small watershed. Comprehensive management on the slope in a small watershed is an efficient measure of water and soil conservation.

分析表明，小流域的产流方式容易随次降雨条件的变化而变化，植被因素在较小时间尺度内就会影响产流；产沙主要来源于坡面上的溅蚀、片蚀和细沟侵蚀，时间主要集中在汛期；人类活动以及次降雨条件是控制小流域侵蚀产沙的重要因素；在小流域内进行坡面的综合治理是水土保持的有效措施。

The major findings of this research can be summarized as follow:1 The comparison of USPED model-estimated amounts of soil erosion based on four different scales of DEMs (1:250,000, 1:50,000, 1:10,000, and 1:5,000) indicates that 1:50,000 -scale DEM is almost as good as higher-resolution DEM data in providing needed topographic information for assessing soil erosion, whereas 1:250,000-scale DEM underestimates soil erosion mainly because rill erosion and sheet erosion are greatly underestimated.2 Since precipitation is the most important forcing factor for soil erosion, the accuracy of soil-erosion estimates understandably relies on the adequacy of spatially distributing point-observed precipitation data.

取得的主要成果如下：(1)基于四个尺度(1∶250，000，1∶50，000，1∶10，000，and 1∶5，000)的数字高程模型和USPED模型计算的土壤侵蚀结果对比表明，1∶50，000的数字高程模型与更高分辨率数字高程模型提供了几乎一样的用以估算土壤侵蚀所需的地形信息，而1∶250，000的数字高程模型，由于过低的估算了细沟侵蚀和片蚀，从而过低的估算了土壤侵蚀的总量。

As the RE ions concentration in groundwater increases or the surface sites on Mn-Fe oxide become saturated, RE ions may sorb via surface precipitation, then surface precipitation become the dominant sorption mechanism.

当离子浓度低时，形成表面络合物是占统治地位的吸附机制；当氧化物/水体系中离子浓度大时，金属离子除在表面形成表面络合物外，也可能形成表面氢氧化物沉淀，直到氧化物表面吸附点位被全部占满，这时表面沉淀则变成主要的吸附机制。

Precipitation. More precipitation more species quatities of subaerial algae are.

降水量。降水量少的地区，其亚气生藻类的数量多于降水量多的地区的亚气生藻类种类数量。

Modern approach methods of geography, ecology, quantitative analysis, expert integration, remote sensing image analysis and geographical information system were combined to reveal the matters in this paper. The eco-geographical background of the research area and the research work studied by other scholars were comprehensively expatiated. The temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and soil moisture, vegetation and soil distribution, and land use/land cover were compared as well. On the basis of foregoing analysis, the eco-geographical differentiation was discussed. According to principles and indicators, with extension engineering method and integrated analysis, the physical geography boundary between subhumid and semiarid areas were demarcated. By using remote sensing image analysis, wavelet analysis of the perennial precipitation and temperature, and the comparison of temporal and spatial variation of the desertification, this paper accounted for the regional response to global environmental change and suggested the dominant environmental problems.

本文采用了地理学与生态学相结合、定量分析与专家集成相结合、遥感图像解译和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对研究区的生态地理背景和已有研究工作进展情况给予了全面的分析和阐述；通过对区域水分条件（大气降水、土壤水分条件）、植被、土壤、土地利用／土地覆被状况等环境要素的时间与空间特征的对比分析，探讨了研究区内部生态地理特征的差异；在一定的原则指导下，通过建立指标体系，以可拓工程方法和模型为支撑，经过综合分析确定了研究区内半湿润、半干旱区界线划分方案；通过遥感图像解译、典型站点多年降水与温度的小波分析、土地沙漠化时空变化的对比分析等，说明了研究区域对全球变化的响应；表明了该区域所面临的主要环境问题。

Influenced by the exterior source input of the detrital matters, U-series dating using aragonite is not suitable to the study of Lake Sugan sediment and a further study is required.2. The isotopes study of precipitation-groundwater-lake water system in Lake Sugan drainage area indicates that in modern climate system, the precipitation in Lake Sugan drainage area is mainly supplied by the water vapor carried by Westerly.

沉积物文石的铀系测年受到外源碎屑输入的影响，在苏干湖并不适用，需做进一步的研究。2、苏干湖流域降水-地下水-地表径流-湖水同位素系统研究表明，现代气候条件下苏干湖流域大气降水主要来源于西风环流携带的水汽输入。

The independence test of temperature and precipitation with X2 of the El Nino event reveals that there is no significant effect of the El Nino and La Nina events on the annual temperature and annual precipitation in the drainage basin.

流域气温、降水与厄尔尼诺的X2独立性检验表明，EL Nino与LaNina事件对流域年均气温和年降水不存在显著的影响。

The relative water content in tilth layer could still be kept over 60% in the continuous 11.2~47.1d without precipitation after a precipitation made the relative water content in tilth layer got over 80%.

使耕层相对含水量达到80%以上的一次降水过后，连续11.2~47.1 d无降水，耕层相对含水量尚可维持在60%以上。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"