Atmospheric precipitation

In order to get the more accurate data of atmospheric capacity about this type of area, such as Yueyang, this paper analyzed the characteristics of Yueyang meteorology, gathered the features of atmospheric pollution sources, worked out the main problems in environmental protection. In addition, we analyzed the rule of atmospheric transport and diffusion, and took the Frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of Yueyang, which was achieved by A-P index, and compares the modified data of atmospheric capacity with the data of atmospheric capacity achieved by multi-source. The results indicated that according to the fact of lake and breeze, taking the frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of the field with stable lake and breeze, which is achieved by A-P index, made the atmospheric capacity more accurate. Accordingly, the result could be more reliable if the modified data is taken to calculate the atmospheric capacity when we assess the impact on the environment of the field with stable lake and land breeze.

为准确地求得这一类型地区的大气环境容量，本文研究了岳阳市城区大气环境的主要特点，收集大气污染源数据并进行分析，查明岳阳市城区主要环境问题，分析岳阳市城区主要大气污染物的迁移转化规律，对A-P指数法求得的岳阳市大气环境容量值用湖陆风频率进行修正，并将修正后的大气环境容量与多源模型(区域大气环境容量计算模型)求得的大气环境容量进行对比，得出结论：根据湖陆风环流情况下的大气扩散方式，对有稳定的湖陆风环流的地区，采用湖陆风频率修正A-P指数法求大气环境容量，进一步提高了计算的准确性。

Deformation greatly promoted carbonitride isothermal precipitation and made C-curve shift leftwards. The position and shape of C-curve depended on the content of Nb and N to a great extent, C-curve shifted leftwards a little when N content increased and its nose temperature was raised with Nb content increased. 3 when cooling rate increased, start temperature and finish temperature of continuous cooling precipitation decreased, full precipitation became difficult to take place, the volume fraction of carbonitride precipitation decreased, molar fraction of Nb and C dissolved in austenite increased, and the precipitation grain was further refined. Deformation shorten precipitation start time during continuous cooling, raised precipitation start temperature, accelerated precipitation kinetics of carbonitrides.

计算表明：1在Fe—Nb—C系统中，随着温度的降低，析出相的平衡体积分数增加，溶解在奥氏体中的Nb、C的摩尔分数降低，析出相中C和Nb的原子分数的比值v增加；2变形大大促进了碳氮化物的等温析出，使C曲线左移，Nb和N的含量与C曲线的位置和形状有一定的关系，N含量的增加，使C曲线略有左移，而Nb的含量的增加使得C曲线的鼻子区上移；3随着冷却速率的增大，连续冷却析出的开始温度和结束温度均有所降低，并且析出变得越来越不充分，析出相体积分数明显减小，溶解在奥氏体中Nb和C的摩尔分数增大，析出相粒子被明显细化，变形大大缩短了CCP过程碳氮化物析出的开始时间，提高了析出的开始温度，促进了析出动力学。

Precipitation analysis sub-system . Precipitation is the ultimate origin of water resource. According to the statistics of precipitation material in the past 50years, the spatial database of precipitation was founded, it included the location of precipitation observation stations, mensal precipitation, and so on.

1降水分析子系统降水是水资源最根本的来源，根据过去50年降水观测资料，建立降水量空间数据库，包括雨量观测站位置、按月统计的降水量等。

The outcomes show that a the correlation between ELNINO and precipitation of Shandong is remarkable and the influence of ELNINO or La Nina to the amount of precipitation of coastland in Shandong is much greater than that of the inland. Shandong precipitation is in a trend of reduction during the happening year of ELNINO and the precipitation is in a trend of increase during the happening year of La Nina; b whether is ELNINO or La Nina, the influence to the precipitation of Shandong is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, almost no influence in spring and the influence to precipitation trend in winter and whole year is just contrary and; c the dry year of Shandong Province mainly happens in the continuous ELNINO years or the next year of La Nina and floods basically happens in La Nina year or the next year of La Nina.

结果表明：①厄尔尼诺与山东省降水相关性显著，无论是厄尔尼诺还是拉尼娜，它们对山东省沿海降水量的影响远大于对内陆的影响，厄尔尼诺发生的年份，山东省降水量呈减小趋势，而拉尼娜发生的年份，降水量呈增大趋势；②无论是厄尔尼诺还是拉尼娜，对山东省降水量的影响主要集中在夏季和秋季，对春季几乎没有什么影响，对冬季降水趋势的影响与全年的影响正好相反；③山东省的干旱年份主要发生在连续性厄尔尼诺年或者厄尔尼诺的次年，而洪涝基本发生在拉尼娜年或拉尼娜的次年。

The results show:① The predominant period bands represented in the lowfrequency fluctuation field are interseasonal fluctuations of 6 pentads (30 days) and 10 pentads (50 days) and the intraseasonal fluctuations of 15 to 17 pentads (75 to 85 days).② The 30day fluctuation period is an intrinsic fluctuation of the pentad precipitation in rainy season of Yunnan Province.③ When El Nino or La Nina happens, there is a 50day fluctuation period in the pentad precipitation in rainy season of Yunnan.④ While there is a 75-85 day fluctuation period in the pentad precipitation in rainy season of Yunnan, the precipitation anomaly percentage in the main flood period in Yunnan is positive; on the contrary, while there is no 75-85 day fluctuation, the precipitation anomaly percentage is negative.

结果表明：①云南地区雨季降水主要低频振荡周期为6候(30天)，10候(50天)的月际振荡和15～17候(75～85天)的季节内振荡；②云南雨季的候降水每年都存在30天振荡周期，30天振荡是云南雨季固有的振荡；③当发生El Nino或La Nina异常气候事件时，云南雨季的候降水存在50天振荡周期；④当云南雨季存在75～85天振荡时，云南主汛期(6～8月)降水距平百分率为正(除2000年为零距平)；当云南雨季不存在75～85天振荡时，云南主汛期降水距平百分率为负。

Based on the results simulated by PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), which is developed in the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, changes of surface air temperature and precipitation under SRES B2 scenario in South China during 2071~2100 are analyzed. It is shown that, compared to baseline (1961~1990), surface air temperature in 2071~2100 would increase by 2~4℃, precipitation in summer would increase in the north part to 22°N, while the precipitation in winter would decrease in the whole areas of South China. The climate trend of the surface air temperature would be positive, however the climate trend of the precipitation would be negative, the occurrence frequency of extremely high temperature events and extremely heavy precipitation events would increase.

利用英国Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，模拟分析基于政府间气候变化专门委员会 2000年发布的《排放情景特别报告》中设计的B2情景下华南区域2071~2100年的温度和降水量的可能变化，结果显示：2071~2100年均地面温度相对于气候基准时段（1961~1990年）上升约2~4℃；华南区域未来夏季降水量在22°N以北区域较气候基准时段增加，而以南区域减少；冬季降水则表现为华南区域较气候基准时段减少。2071~2100年华南区域的温度气候趋势系数为正值，年均降水气候趋势系数为负值。2071~2100年的高温事件和强降水事件的发生频率均比气候基准时段明显增加。

It plays significant role in the processes of atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric optics, and atmospheric photochemistry.

黑碳气溶胶是气溶胶的重要组成部分，在大气物理、大气化学、大气光学、大气光化学等过程中具有重要作用。

Based on international front and hotspot in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol study, considering domestic characteristics of atmospheric pollution, the laboratory has included main research areas below: atmospheric chemical reaction, aerosol chemistry, photochemical pollution, acid deposition chemistry, atmospheric brown cloud, emission characteristics and emission factors of PM and VOCs emitted from various sources, indoor air pollution and its control techniques, health effect of particulate matters, and so on.

研究室的主要研究方向始终瞄准国际大气化学和气溶胶研究和发展的前沿和热点，结合中国大气污染的自身特点，在大气化学反应、气溶胶化学、光化学污染、酸沉降化学、大气棕色云、各种污染源颗粒物和 VOCs 的排放特征和排放因子、室内空气污染及其控制、大气污染的人体健康效应等方面进行实验研究，在上述各方面得出具有国际先进水平的研究成果，建立国内领先和国际先进的学术研究和实验科学体系，确保研究室的学术地位和知名度，与国外相关的研究机构保持同步的发展态势并建立平等的交流机制。

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer level-lA visible image is executed atmospheric correction using two atmospheric radiative transfer model, 6S(Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) and SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer). The plane-parallel atmospheric model is validated in the high-latitude Antarctica.

本文主要在分析了大气对遥感影像产生的各种影响的基础上，对大气纠正的一般原理和方法进行了回顾和归纳总结，利用两个大气辐射传输模式(6S和SBDART)，对ASTER L1A的可见光波段的影像进行大气纠正，验证了平面—平行大气模型应用于南极高纬度地区的可行性。

In the article, we analysised the rainstorm process using conventional information, encryption data, strength ,speed and wind profile data of Doppler radar, discussed the atmospheric circulation system in the westing process of the subtropical high; revealed the different reasons caused two heavy precipitation (more than 10 mm per hour) and the possibility of small and medium-scale system existed, displayed the vertical distribution of the wind field over the stations in the rainstorm process and the close relationship between the transmission., strengthen of the level air-jet and the heavy precipitation, and then proved that the heavy precipitation was caused by the transmission and strengthen of the low-level jet.

利用常规资料，加密观测资料，多普勒雷达强度、速度和风廓线资料等对本过程进行周密细致的分析。探讨了在副热带高压西进过程中与之相配合的大气环流形势和影响系统；揭示了造成两次强降水（1小时大于10 mm以上）的不同原因和中小尺度系统存在的可能性；展示了暴雨过程中测站上空垂直风场的分布特点以及风廓线高低空急流下传和加强与强降水的密切关系，证明了强降水的产生主要由低空急流的下传和加强引起的。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"