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In this review, we use Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, and summarize the study results of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in two major groups of angiosperms — core eudicots and monocots — over the past decade. Our aim was to review the functional conservation and diversity of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in angiosperms and discuss whether the ABCDE model has been conserved in monocotyledons.

本文以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为例，综述了近10年来对被子植物两大主要类群——核心真双子叶植物和单子叶植物花同源异型MADS-box基因的研究成果，分析MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性，同时探讨双子叶植物花发育的ABCDE模型在多大程度上适用于单子叶植物。

The 5 sequences can be induced a protein that is homological to ORF109b in Arabidopsis mtDNA genome.

由这5个序列推导出的蛋白质与拟南芥中的一种未知功能蛋白AtMg00760（ORF109b）具有部分同源性。

Results show that these sequences are homological to Brassica napus and Arabidopsis mtDNA genome partially. But they are not homological to CMS gene reported before.

结果表明，所获得的特异片段均与拟南芥和甘蓝型油菜的线粒体基因组序列部分同源，但与已发表的不育基因序列没有同源性。

Arabidopsis response regulators,ARR4 and ARR5, were induced by the increased cytokinin contents at different time after seed germination. ARR4 responded to cytokinins at early time of seed germination, especially on the 6 d when seedlings were around true leaf initiation, while cytokinins induced ARR5 activation after 6 d of seed cultivation in light conditions, an obvious increase was on the 20 d when seedlings were around inflorescent shoot initiation.

拟南芥植物细胞分裂素反应调节基因ARR4和ARR5在植物发育的不同时期应答植物体内增加的植物细胞分裂素，ARR4的应答反应比ARR5早，种子萌发后的第6天幼苗真叶形成初期，ARR4基因被明显诱导；而ARR5的应答反应在幼苗真叶形成后的几个时间段均能检测到，并且在种子萌发后的第20天，花枝形成开始时特别明显。

Of the 17 Arabidopsis laccase genes, only AtLCl and AtLC7 were dispersed on chromosomes 1 and 4

拟南芥16个漆酶基因的数字化Northern分析结果显示，多数基因在根和茎组织强烈表

Gs from other plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,Lycopersicon esculentum and Oryza sativa,respectively.

半定量RT-PCR分析显示，高浓度SO2胁迫后，在高抗系中ZmSO表达水平显著增高，而在高感系中无显著变化。

The bHLH transcription factor such as JAMYC2, JAMYC10, AtMYC2, BERJ1 and so on responsive to JAs were found in Arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum and many other plants, JAs can induce the expression of these genes.

在拟南芥、水稻和西红柿等植物中，发现了许多响应茉莉酸信号的bHLH家族转录因子基因，如JAMYC2、JAMYC10、AtMYC2和BERJ1等，茉莉酸可诱导这些基因的表达。

Although nuclear cascades in ethylene signal transduction pathway from EIN3 to ERF1 to PR proteins has been established in Arabidopsis thaliana, a similar route from EIN3 to EREBPs to fruit ripening and senescence has not been elucidated in Lycopersicon esculentum .

乙烯对植物的生长发育起重要的调控作用，随着乙烯信号转导研究的不断深入，许多乙烯信号转导组分已被分离和鉴定，并在模式植物拟南芥中已建立乙烯信号传递过程中的核内级联反应：EIN3→ERF1→病原相关蛋白，但在番茄中还没有建立EIN3→EREBPs→果实成熟相关基因的相似路径。

When the frequency of codon usage of citrus was compared to Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiac and Escherichia coli, we found that the codon preference is considerably different between citrus and non-plant species. While compared to Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oryza sativa and Musa acuminata, we found that the codon preference was identical in dicotyledons, but was different between citrus and monocotyledon, Oryza sativa and Musa acuminate.

将柑橘的密码子使用频率与人、果蝇、酵母和大肠杆菌等不同种类模式生物比较后发现，柑橘密码子的偏爱性与不同种类生物有不同程度的差异；但将柑橘的密码子使用频率与拟南芥、番茄、水稻和尖叶蕉等不同种类的植物相比，发现柑橘密码子的偏爱性与同为双子叶植物的拟南芥、番茄完全一样，而与水稻、尖叶蕉这2种单子叶植物均有较大的差异。

The amino acids sequences alignment confirmed that 145 LRR stucture was highly conserved in all aligned PGIP sequences. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that BoPGIP1 and PGIP from Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana clustered together firstly, and then came from Gossypium barbadense, Lycopersicon esculentum and Phaseolus vulgaris in turn. The clustering results basically accorded with morphological classification system.

将BoPGIP1氨基酸序列与数据库中的其他植物PGIP进行同源序列比对，构建系统进化树，发现所比对基因都含有LRR结构，在145位点的LRR结构域在所有物种中极其保守；系统树显示，该序列最先与甘蓝型油菜和拟南芥聚类，其次和棉花、番茄和豆科作物的PGIP聚类，基本符合按形态特征分类的亲缘关系。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。