查询词典 Arabidopsis

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

We have constructed a bivalence expression vector with SsNHX1 and AVP1 and transformed them into Arabidopsis. The results showed that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants 101 and 127 grew much better than wild type plants in the medium containing 100 and 200 mmol/L NaCl, which further indicated the important roles of Na〓 compartmentalization in vacuoles on plant salt tolerance.

2构建了同时含有液泡膜Na〓/H〓 antiporter与H〓-PPase基因的双元植物表达载体并转入拟南芥，筛选到在100和200mMol/LNaCl胁迫环境下生长发育均明显好于野生型的转基因拟南芥植株101和127，进一步验证了液泡Na〓区隔化在植物耐盐方面的重要作用。

There are 3 and 4 homologous bolA genes in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana respectively, and genes encoding proteins with a SufE motif and a BolA motif are existed in both rice and Arabidopsis.

水稻和拟南芥中各有3和4个相关的同源基因，其中各有一个基因编码的蛋白还多含一个SufE结构域。

Recently, Thellungiella halophila, a close-relative ofArabidopsis thaliana, which is been suggested and be developed as a new salttolerance model plant. Thellungiella halophila is a salt-tolerance crucifer with a shortlife cycle, small genome, and with high sequence similarity(about 90-95% on cDNAlevel), similar heredity characteristics and growth habits with Arabidopsis thaliana.So it is convenience for T. halophila to benefit from a lot of Arabidopsis thalianainformation data.

最近，另一个盐生植物盐芥被提议为研究植物耐盐性的模式系统，它是拟南芥的近缘，为生长周期短、基因组较小、耐盐性较强的十字花科的盐生植物；在cDNA水平上与拟南芥有大约90-95％的同源性，因此，可以方便地将拟南芥的很多信息移至盐芥耐盐性的分子生物学研究；而且，盐芥具有拟南芥很多同样的优点以作为实验系统。

A similar range of modulators have been tested on Arabidopsis cells treated with an elicitor from Fusarium oxysporum in the present work.

调制器的一个相似的范围被测试了在Arabidopsis 细胞被对待与一elicitor 从尖孢镰刀菌在当前工作。

There has been a strong focus on a limited number of model species, including Arabidopsis thaliana.

有一强大的集中於有限的模型种类，包括Arabidopsis thaliana。

Resistance responses were studied in different Arabidopsis ecotypes after being inoculated by some important plant pathogens. According to the results, molecular mechanisms of resistance and expression of the defense-related genes in resistance and susceptible Arabidopsis ecotypes were studied. Results followed in this paper.All the 11 Arabidopsis ecotypes tested were incompatible to Erysiphe convolvuli, Alternaria brassicicola, Setosphaeria turcica and Verticillium dahliae.

本文在对拟南芥不同生态型接种不同植物病原菌后的抗病反应基础上对抗感表现不同的生态型的抗性机制及抗性相关基因的差异表达进行了研究，结果如下：测定拟南芥11个生态型接种8种不同植物病原菌后发现，供试拟南芥对田璇花白粉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌和棉花黄萎病菌均表现为非亲和反应。

Comparabilityof some segments reached about 86% to 90% including Arabidopsis thaliana CIPK7、Arabidopsis thaliana At3g23000 gene、Arabidopsis thaliana SNF1 related protein kinase(At3g23000; MXC7.3) mRNA、Cucumis sativus RBL1 mRNA, complete cds、Ranunculusmacranthus ribosomal protein L14 (rp114) gene, partial cds、Daucus carota chromasomecomplete genome and so on. There are also some other segments had a low identity andconsidered as unknown genes.

对部分差异条带进行了克隆测序，登陆GENEBANK对差异cDNA片断的序列进行核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性对比，其中一些片断与拟南芥CIPK7、拟南芥At3g23000基因、拟南芥SNF1相关蛋白激酶mRNA、栽培黄瓜RBL1mRNA全序列、毛茛核糖体蛋白L14基因、胡萝卜染色体基因组等均有86％-90％左右的同源性，还有部分片断的同源性很低，可能为未知基因序列。

According to previous study on Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 and Arabidopsis thaliana, nitrilase proteins of both species indeed had -C≡N hydratase function.

根据之前在细菌Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1以及植物Arabidopsis thaliana的氰化物水解酵素的研究中，确实发现都具有-C≡N水解酵素的功能。

The quantitative trail loci analysis is being used to find the loci controlling Zn accumulation in heavy metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens or Arabidopsis halleri .

而在Thlaspi caerulescens 和Arabidopsis halleri植物上鉴定出控制锌含量的QTLs，为寻找控制植物高效积累Zn的遗传基础规律打下了基础。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失