查询词典 Allais

In the year of 1954 French scientist Maurice Allais found an unexplained phenomenon: in observing total solar eclipse, Allais found that a pendulum swing plane suddenly changed the direction of motion, that is, when the Earth, the sun and the moon are in a straight line, the law of motion in space will be changed.

在观测日全食时，阿莱发现一只摆的摆动平面突然改变了运动方向，即当地球与太阳、月球在同一条直线上时，会以某种方式改变摆在空间的运动规律。

Theexpected utility theory based on the axioms isalso very important in modern decision-making theory.Form late fifties lastcentury,some scientists ahead by Allais and Edwards,try to check the facticity ofthe rational decision-making models applied to the real decision-making behavior,but find it unsatisfactory.For example,Allais Paradox and Preference Circleschallenge the axioms critically.

从二十世纪五十年代后期开始，以Allais和Edwards为首的一批学者从心理学的角度参与了实际决策行为的研究，他们从实证的观点去考察理性决策模型在实际决策行为中的真实性，不断地发现这些模型在应用中表现出各种偏差，Allais悖论的设计和克星循环现象的发现对Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理提出了有力的挑战。

Through the argument, we can see that "Allais paradox" has an important influence on the development of expected utility theory.

通过论述可以看出，"Allais悖论"对于期望效用理论的发展具有重大而深远的影响。

The traditional mathematical expectation also results in the problem which puzzled the economist many years such as the Allais paradox and the Ellesberg paradox ...

Choquet(1953)提出了容度的概念以后，Choquet积分作为对传统数学期望的一种改进，被自然的引如到经济学中来。

Many tests, such as the famous example "Allais paradox", indicate that human's actual choices may frequently violate expected utility theory.

许多实际案例表明，人们的实际决策可视为与期望效用理论是相违背的，"Allais悖论"就是其中著名的一个例子。

To govern the aggravating stream pollution ,both central and local governments disclosed various stimulating measures,which became the allais's Paradox of System Stimulation instead of introducing positive effects.

为了治理日益加剧的河流污染，从中央到地方都相应出台了各种激励措施，但是这些措施并未起到显著效果，却形成了制度激励悖论。

From late fifties of last century, some scientists headed by Allais and Edwards, try to check the facticity of the rational decision-making models applied to the real decision-making behavior, but find it unsatisfactory.

1944年，Von Neumann和0skar Morgenstern建立了理性行为公理体系，标志着现代决策理论的开端，为规范型决策理论奠定了基石，并在管理、经济和工程技术中得到广泛应用和纵深发展，成为理性决策的科学依据。

However, there exist some paradoxes in decision making logic, such as the Allais paradox and exchange paradox in expected utility theory, backward induction paradox and Gaifmann-Koons paradox originated from Newcomb problem in interactions, the famous Arrow voting paradox in group decision-making.

决策逻辑是社会科学的基础，然而在决策逻辑中存在悖论：不确定的概然决策中的期望收益理论面临阿莱斯悖论和"交换悖论"；互动决策中存在演绎性的逆向归纳法悖论，以及存在由纽柯姆难题改造而来的盖夫曼—孔斯悖论；群体决策中存在著名的阿罗悖论，等等。

It can account for many phenomena which expected utility theory has so far failed to explain, such as Allais paradox, Ellsberg paradox, preference reversal, certainty effect, reflection effect, isolation effect, common ratio effect.

后悔理论能够很好地说明期望效用理论所不能解释的Allais悖论、Ellsberg悖论、偏好反转现象、确定性效应、反射效应、分离效应、共同比率效应等异象，而且能够应用于决策理论和资产定价等金融领域。

IL était sept heurts le match allais finir.

那时是7点比赛马上结束

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。