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On the presentation of Mn-P fixation, this paper reviews the latest advances in recent 10 years and concentrates on the mechanism of phosphorus fixation in acid soils. In addition, it brakes through the classical inorganic P fractionation in to Fe-P, Al-P, O-P and Ca-Pin the traditional P classification and considers Mn-P as one of the main phosphorus fixation modes in latosols, cultivated from the parent basalt material. Furthermore, fixation of P by Fe, Al, Mn is compared, and differentiation from chemical availability and bioavailability of P discussed. Based on the above, this paper presents some alienable measures for enhancing P utilization efficiency and postulates pivotal future research directions in the field of P fixation.

本文以Mn-P的提出为出发点，论述了近10年来对酸性土壤固磷机理研究的新进展，突破了常规P素形态分级研究中分为Fe-P，Al-P，O-P和Ca-P等无机磷测定的经典分级，认为玄武岩母质砖红壤中的Mn-P是P素固定的主要形式之一，进而比较了Fe、Al、Mn对P固定作用，并从P的化学有效性与生物有效性差异等方面进行了比较全面的论述，提出了减少P素固定提高磷肥利用率的措施及今后的重点研究方向。

The feldspars of topaz-lepidolite granite in Yashan late stage are P-rich albite and Kfeldspar, and the phosphorus goes into feldspar structure in the form of PAlSi〓 substitution. The phosphorus contents of feldspars vary according to their crystal habitus. In general, the feldspars of later generation have the higher average phosphorus content than that of earlier generation, and the albite contains higher phosphorus than the K-feldspar in the same generation. The zircon is highly rich in Hf, U, P and Al. The phosphorus enters the zircon structure mainly by the form of〓P〓〓Si〓, Al〓P〓Si〓 or P〓Al〓Si〓, Zr〓 substitution. The P-rich zircon is the production of the highly evolved magma, and it might be one of the important characteristic minerals of the high-P subtype granite. The manganocolumbite, manganotantalite, wodginite and titanowodginite are the main niobium and tantalum minerals.

雅山晚阶段黄玉锂云母花岗岩的长石矿物是富磷长石，磷以PAlSi〓替换方式进入长石结构中，并且在长石中的分布很不均一，一般是晚结晶的长石比早结晶的长石的磷含量高，同期结晶的钠长石比钾长石的磷含量高；锆石矿物为高度富铪、铀、磷和铝的锆石，磷主要以(Y， HREE， Fe)〓P〓〓〓Si〓〓、Al〓P〓Si〓〓、P〓Al〓Si〓〓Zr〓〓等替换方式进入锆石晶格中，富磷锆石是岩浆高度演化的结果，是高磷花岗岩的特征矿物之一；雅山含有丰富的磷锂铝石，是高磷花岗岩的主要磷酸盐矿物；铌—钽矿物主要有铌锰矿—钽锰矿、锡锰钽矿—钛锰钽矿、细晶石等。

At the same time,a tension stress is applied on theγ′phase interfaces along the direction parallel to the stress axis,which results in the lattice expansion ofγ′phase to trap the Al,Ta atoms with the bigger radius.This brings out the accumulation of the solute atoms to form the N-type rafted structure.Al,Ta atoms with bigger radius diffuse to the {100} plane to form the linked bond of the heterogeneous atoms and the stable stacking mode,this is a main reason of promoting the transformation ofγ′phase into the N-type rafted structure.And the change of the strain energy density in different interfaces of the cubical-likeγ′phase is thought to be the driving force of the elements diffusion and theγ′phase directional growth during creep.

拉伸蠕变期间，类立方γ\'相中与施加应力轴垂直的界面受水平切应力，使晶格收缩可排斥较大半径的Al、Ta原子；与应力轴平行的界面受拉伸张应力，使晶格扩张可诱捕较大半径的Al、Ta原子，由此引起的原子偏聚形成γ\'相是自由能降低的过程；其中，较大半径的Al、Ta原子扩散迁移至{100}晶面，形成异类原子结合键及稳定的堆垛方式，是促使γ\'相形成N-型筏状结构的主要原因；而γ\'相不同界面的应变能密度变化是元素扩散及γ\'相定向粗化的驱动力。

In the coating, the nodular defect was observed to worsen severely the properties. For testing under oxidation condition, the nodular defect results in the internal oxidation of Al. No single Al oxide scale may be formed at 1100℃ owing to consumption of Al. Under hot corrosion, it becomes as short-path for diffusion of S through the coating, thus sulphuring the coating together with the substrate. During thermal shock testing, it may act as the source of cracking, and moreover, if cyclic stress applied, the cracks propagate toward the substrate, the thermal fatigue properties of coating will be worsened.

结果表明：在氧化条件下，缺陷导致Al的内氧化，在1100℃时，由于Al的大量内消耗，涂层表面已不能形成单一的氧化铝膜，使氧化性能下降；在热腐蚀条件下，缺陷成为硫向涂层中扩散的通道，导致涂层及基体的硫化；在冷热疲劳条件下，缺陷成为裂纹源，在交变应力作用下，裂纹向基体中扩展，降低了涂层的热疲劳性能。

The results show that the damping capacity of Zn-22%Al remains constant for ageing temperature below 80℃, the warm rolling temperature. Traces of Ce and La can improve the damping capacity of water quenched and warm rolled Zn-22%Al, and decrease the reduction of the damping capacity of Zn-22%Al during ageing at 150℃.

结果表明，经水淬后80℃温轧的Zn-22%Al合金在低于温轧温度下时效时，其阻尼性能保持稳定；微量Ce，La的加入，提高了经水淬后80℃温轧的Zn-22%Al合金的阻尼性能，减缓了经150℃时效后阻尼性能的降低。

E The fractal and spherical particles exist favorably in the coarse fraction, while in the fine mode (0μm) are floccules formed by flocking fine particles together, containing crustal elements and mainly being silicates and aluminosilicates. f The content of Al, Si, Fe in TSP samples is higher than in PM〓, indicating an enrichment of these elements in coarse mode. g Compared with non-dust particles, the dust particles are more homogeneous in terms of morphology, particle size and composition. h Particles with irregular shape and well-distributed size dominate in dust samples, containing crustal elements such as Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe et al.

细粒中除小圆球外，大多为细小颗粒聚结在一起的不规则块状颗粒，主要含地壳元素，可能是硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐。fMg、Al、Si、Fe在PM〓中的含量较相应的TSP中的低，可见这些元素主要存在于较粗颗粒中。g沙尘期气溶胶粒子的形貌较非沙尘期单一、均匀，非沙尘气溶胶粒子的形貌、组分较沙尘期复杂。h沙尘期样品中，粒径均匀、形状不规则的颗粒最多，这些颗粒主要含地壳元素Mg、Al、Si、Ca和Fe等，是典型的由源区传输过来的沙尘粒子，但其高硫含量表明在青岛特殊的地理环境下，在粒子表面发生了硫的均相和非均相反应。

The results show that the white thick-bedded siliceous rocks have high contents of SiO2 and Al2O3 and high ratios of Al/ and Al2O3/(Al2O3+ Fe2O3). The ∑REE are low, and the North American shale-normalized REE patterns are characterized by enrichment of LREE and absence of Eu and Ce anomalies, which suggest that the white thick-bedded siliceous rocks might have been formed in the continental margin environment and affected significantly by terrigenous constituents. The anatase-rich siliceous rocks have high contents of TiO2, Fe2O3, Cu and V but low Al/(Al + Fe+ Mn) and Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) ratios. The ΣREE are high, the North American shale-normalized REE patterns are obviously characterized by left-oblique to flat styles of curves and slight negative Ce anomalies, implying that they might have been formed in an oceanic ridge environment.

研究结果表明，呈厚层状产出的无矿白色硅质岩具较高的SiO2、Al2O3含量及Al/、Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值，稀土元素总量很低，其北美页岩标准化配分模式为向右倾的曲线，无明显铈异常和铕异常，表明其形成于受陆源影响的大陆边缘构造环境；赋矿岩系中薄层状富钛硅质岩的TiO2、Fe2O3、Cu、V含量较高，但Al/、Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值较低，稀土元素总量较高，北美页岩标准化曲线为明显左倾型－平坦型，具弱的负铈异常，表明其形成于洋脊及附近环境。

It has been found that sodium aluminate solution contain a series of Al-containing anions including Al 〓, Al 〓 and 〓 etc.

结果表明铝酸钠溶液中的主要含铝阴离子有Al〓、〓、Al〓及其聚合阴离子。

The result of the coupling reaction of aromatic aldehydes in Al-Na_2CO_3-MeOH and that in Al-NaOHMeOH with grinding were compared.

研究了超声波引发和研磨下Al Na2CO3MeOH体系中进行的一系列芳香醛的偶联反应，比较了研磨作用下Al Na2CO3MeOH和Al NaOH MeOH这2种体系中进行的一系列芳香醛偶联反应的结果

When the device was at forward bias, the holes in the p-type silicon tunneled into the defect states in ZnO:Al and then radiatively recombined with the electrons in ZnO:Al film, thus yielding an electroluminescence spectra at the wavelength at 590nm.

另一方面，当元件操作在顺向偏压时，由於ZnO：Al薄膜内的缺陷提供了p-Si内的电洞利用穿隧效应进入ZnO：Al薄膜的途径，这些电洞进而与ZnO：Al导电带的电子结合而发光，因此我们量测到波长在590nm的可见光发光频谱。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。