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As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

In view of the difference in disciplines, TWI provides 3 modules.

鉴于不同学科存在的差异性， TWI 提供了3个模块的课程。

The analysis results for community species component and plant diversity showed that exclusion did change the species component and increase plant diversity remarkably, while the indicateor life-form structure, palatability analysis indicated that community for old exclusion is becoming perennity and unpalatability, whereas community for comparative exclusion is under stable non-equilibrium condition, in the view of vegetation coverage, mean height, biomass, palatability of plant composition, community for old exclusion has lower than new, comparative exclusion which proves partly that long-term exclusion can not increase grazing values for semi-arid rangeland.

对3种封育措施群落组成和生物多样性的分析结果表明，封育改变了群落的组成成分并增加了生物多样性，同时对群落植物的生活型、饲用价值分析计算结果则显示，老封育的群落植物逐渐向多年生发展，放牧价值开始降低，而对照区则明显处于一种非平衡的稳定状态。从3种措施植被的盖度、高度、生物量和饲用价值来看，老封育区均低于新封育区和对照区，表明长期封育不利于促进并提高草场的放牧利用价值。

The fourth, directed against the concrete conditions of three metropolises in our country in the present stage, we propose: [1] Recommend the sports view of quality": In the idea , we should change "strengthen health opinion" to "strengthen health-promote qualityopinion; [2] Pay attention to the transformation of the need motive: From the start with meeting the participant's inside motive and need, adopting different methods to the person of different demand levels, making the outside regulating activities which influence people to participate in the sports activities turn into the inside motive; [3] Upgrade the idea of sports of the school: According to the development in era, the existing sports ideas should be changed, and be carried on overall, systematic coordinated reform; [4] Orient the value of worker's sports again: Worker's sports is the investment of the social manpower capital, it is the main part of the corporate culture and enterprising spirit, it is not merely the worker's welfare , it is the welfare of the enterprise; [5] The society which develops masses' sports collects a group of quality : Interdynamic mass's sports is one of the important reasons why people insist on doing exercises.

第四，针对现阶段我国三大都市的具体情况，我们提出：（1）提倡"素质"体育观：在观念认识上，要把现行的"强身观"向"强身一提升素质"体育观念转变；（2）注重需要动机的转换：从适应参与者的内部动机和需要入手，对不同需求层次的人采用不同的方式方法，使影响人们参与体育活动的外部调节转化为内部动机；（3）更新学校体育的观念：根据时代的发展，改变现有的体育观念，进行全面的、系统的配套改革：（4）重新定位职工体育的价值：职工体育是社会人力资本的投资，是企业文化和企业精神的主要组成部分，它不仅是职工的福利，更是企业的福利；（5）开发群众体育的社会集群性：群体互动是人们坚持锻炼的重要原因之一。

Can not be each business nevertheless so prosperous ↓ 3, just arrived of new city I, seek new view everywhere, the station takes camera to overflow in house of bubble steamed bun aimlessly a chaos is patted, do not let off even eaves ↓ 4, in the street alley of lane of whole the Huis, probably only I just can am opposite there is grumous interest ↓ in the take a walk cock hen of roadside 5, going, see the ancient Buddhist templeput on the brakes with one beautiful place and compound, it is one saves in good condition big mosque so this screen wall on ↓ or front door most the look ↓ that attracted me first 6, go in to look, the building distinguishing feature of each place is so attract my ↓ 7, boosting watch for a chance, to any one place in compound Gu Xianggu's lubricious construction details does not let off ↓ 8, also be to see a new world in the compound on the side of main hall ↓ 9, room apical moon, beautiful here is authentic mosque building ↓ 10, go out courtyard, better of a few the Hui nationality people sitting in the sun next prattle,↓ of good envy letting a person 11, this clever animal on mosque gate pier looked a long time, also doing not have differentiate to go out is what animal ↓ 12, come out from the Huis lane, along the town god's temple that the ave went to Xi'an toward westing again on the west, light is a card these upstairs woodcarving had let me admired a head to pat ↓ a long time 12, what main hall of town god's temple saves is not very good, xi'an municipal government also uses contemporary carpentry to come alive without sedulous ground it seems that overhaul, then ability sees audience hall two side this former juice raw ingredient woodcarving gate ↓ 13, the eaves of audience hall also follows pailou same distinctive ↓ 14, the gravelstone lion of two side of pailou looks to also resemble antique ↓ is breathed out, photography homework of the first day is explained end, will stick other again tomorrow...

不过可不是每一家的生意都这么红火↓3、刚到一个陌生城市的我，到处寻找新鲜的景致，站在泡馍馆拿起相机漫无目的地一通乱拍，连房檐都不放过↓4、整个回民坊的街巷里，大概只有我才会对在路边的散步的公鸡母鸡都有着浓厚的爱好↓5、走着走着，就看见一处漂亮的古刹和院落，原来是一间保存完好的大清真寺↓还是正门对面的这个影壁最先吸引住了我的目光↓6、走进往看，每一处的建筑特色都是那么吸引我↓7、捧着相机，对院落里的任何一处古香古色的建筑细节都不放过↓8、正殿旁边的院落里也是别有洞天↓9、房顶上的月亮，标致着此处是正宗的清真寺建筑↓10、出得大院，几位回族长者们正坐在太阳底下闲聊，好让人羡慕↓11、清真寺门墩上的这个灵兽看了半天，也没辨出是什么动物↓12、从回民坊出来，沿着西大街再往西走就到了西安的城隍庙，光是牌楼上的这些木雕就已经让我仰头拍了半天↓12、城隍庙正殿保存的不是很好，西安市政府似乎也没有刻意地用现代木工活来翻修，于是才能看到大殿两侧这原汁原味儿的木雕大门↓13、大殿的房檐也跟牌楼一样有特色的↓14、牌楼两侧的小石狮子看上往也像古董呢↓哈，第一天的摄影作业交代完毕，明天再贴其它的

The siting of bosque of Yaupon trees immediately outside the main entrance, and preventing full view of the building from a distance, is the first sign that the threshold is not a space merely to pass through.

树阵浓密的以10英呎*10英呎（3公尺*3公尺）的规线种植，充满整个前庭。

The thesis concerning about the total synthesis of some natural occurringlignans and neolignans consists of following five parts:I. Progress in the synthesis of some natural occurring neolignans A view of the synthesis of some natural occurring neolignans, especiallybenzofuraniod and bicyclo[3, 2, 1]octanoid neolignans was given. The syntheticmethods for this two kind of neolignans have been classified and discussed.Ⅱ.

本论文研究了一些木脂素和新木脂素类天然产物的全合成，共包括五部分内容：一、一些新木脂素类天然产物的合成进展对一些新木脂素类天然产物尤其是苯骈呋喃类和双环[3，2，1]辛烷类新木脂素的合成工作进行了较为全面的介绍，并对此类化合物的合成方法进行了分类和讨论。

Easy view data still shows, the player scale of senile, tall record of formal schooling, good-paying is in elevatory, among them, 2007, 22, 30 years old of players between held the proportion of 51.4%, university undergraduate course and the scale that reading graduate student player were occupied 40.3%, the scale of brunt consumption crowd between 3000-5000 had achieved lunar income 13.2%.

易观数据还显示，高龄、高学历、高收入的玩家比例在升高，其中，2007年，22—30岁之间的玩家占到了51.4%的比例，大学本科及在读研究生玩家的比例占到了40.3%，月收入在3000-5000之间的主力消费人群比例已经达到了13.2%。

The new views of this thesis are as below:1,Advance the view of the special characters of the commodity estate forward-sale contract;2,Define the subject-matter of the forward-sale contract as a kind right of anticipation, embody the unfairness of rights and obligations;3,Discuss the essence of the forenotice registration system;4,Consider that the transfer of forward-sale contract should be allowed in our country.

本文的主要创新在于：1、通过对于商品房预售合同概念和性质的深入分析、研究和比较，显现出了该种合同与其他一般买卖合同的不同之处，并提出了一些笔者的观点。2、通过对于商品房预售合同标的物的分析将之定义为一种期待权并且提出了该种合同当事人权利和义务存在不平衡性的特点。3、笔者对预告登记进行了细致的分析，并在结合新颁布的《物权法》的基础上说明了该种制度存在的必要性以及我国现有制度的改进方向。4、提出了商品房预售转让可以存在并在一定条件下施行的观点，并提出了相关的理由。

Then the 3D data from each stereo visionmeasuring unit can be translated into a unique frame of refrence.2. Designed control points of plane form with homocentric arcs and ball markers.By the moment invariants and least-squared procedure of ellipse fit, the markers wererecognized and located automatically with high precision.3. Studied the technology of camera self-calibration, according to the camerawith wide field of view, set up the distorted projection camera model.

通过被测物表面的控制点，将局部测量数据统一到全局坐标系中。2、设计了平面型多重圆弧编码控制点及立体控制点，结合边缘矩的不变性和椭圆最小二乘拟合技术实现控制点的精确定位。3、研究了相机的自标定技术，针对大视场相机的特点，建立了非线性相机成像模型，采用优化算法完成了相机的内、外部参数标定。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。