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Lanthanides belong to the sixth cycle of the periodic table Ⅲ B family, are all solid metal, they are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium were 15 kinds of metals and their periphery are two layers of electronic 5d16s2, while the peripheral third layer f orbital but never zero to 14, so the external electronic structure of 4f0-145d16s2, and therefore these elements in oxidation number are to 3, very close chemical properties, extraction, when it is difficult to separate them they are mostly multi-element mineral mix, more difficult to increase refining, and their atomic number of 57-71, one by one to increase the number of protons the nucleus, and thus extranuclear electron of gravity is also growing, so that atomic radius decreases with increasing atomic number Z, which makes lanthanides contraction, ionic radius is also reduced, which also makes Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, Mo and W, the atom and ionic radius very close to each other they also determine a similar nature, resulting in difficult separation, also the tribe Ⅷ of the fifth cycle, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and the sixth cycle, osmium, iridium, platinum is very similar in nature, thus The six elements, said platinum group elements.
镧系元素属于周期表第六周期中ⅢB族,全部是固体金属,它们是镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥共十五种金属元素,它们的外围两层的电子均是5d16s2,而外围第三层的f轨道电子却从零增加到14个,所以外围电子结构为4f0-145d16s2,而使这些元素氧化数均为+3,化学性质极为接近,提炼时很难分开,它们的矿石又大多是多种元素混在一起的,更增加提纯难度,它们的原子序数为57-71,核内质子数逐个增加,因而对核外电子引力也不断增强,使原子半径随原子序数Z增加而减小,这就使镧系元素收缩、离子半径也缩小,这也使得Zr和Hf,Nb和Ta、Mo和W等原子和离子半径都很接近、也决定了它们彼此性质类似,以致难以分离、也使第Ⅷ族中第五周期的钌、铑、钯和第六周期的锇、铱、铂在性质上极为相似,因而称这六个元素为铂系元素。
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Ce:铈
中温系3、金箭焊料有限公司无铅焊料成份的筛选:筛选依据见本文(三),为达目标选择种类以Sn-Cu系Sn-Ag系为基础,供选择的添加元素如下:●熔点降低类:铟(In)铋(Bi)●抗氧化类:镓(Ga)铟(In)磷(P)●改善组织结构类:锗(Ge)铈(Ce)(请参考以下示意图
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PM:钷
稀土冶炼工是有毒有害工种吗 稀土就是化学元素周期表中镧系元素--镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu),以及与镧系的15个元素密切相关的两个元素--钪(Sc)和钇(Y)共17种元素,
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.tm:铥
稀土冶炼工是有毒有害工种吗 稀土就是化学元素周期表中镧系元素--镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu),以及与镧系的15个元素密切相关的两个元素--钪(Sc)和钇(Y)共17种元素,
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Yb:镱
稀土冶炼工是有毒有害工种吗 稀土就是化学元素周期表中镧系元素--镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu),以及与镧系的15个元素密切相关的两个元素--钪(Sc)和钇(Y)共17种元素,
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ceride:铈系元素
ceric | 铈的 | ceride | 铈系元素 | ceriferous | 产蜡的